1,721,019 research outputs found
Brexit, Populism and Business:The Business Elite loses Control
No full textBrexit has become emblematic of the rise of populism across much of the world in recent years. Although Brexit was widely perceived to run counter to dominant business interests, business played a surprisingly limited role during the referendum campaign (Feldmann and Morgan, 2021). This chapter draws on our research extending Hirschman’s (1970) framework of exit, voice, and loyalty (see Chapter 1) to analyse the strategies adopted by business associations and individual businesses in response to the Brexit process during and after the referendum. We consider a range of factors, including the nature of the Brexit process itself, notably its noisiness (Culpepper, 2011) and the high level of uncertainty associated with it, and also economic interests, such as strategic considerations related to sectoral characteristics, collective representation, and non-economic motivations. By drawing on our analysis of the business responses to Brexit, we also reflect on the broader implications of these developments for understanding business influence in the British political economy.<br/
Business and Populism:The Political Economy of the 'Odd Couple'
No full textThis chapter describes how right-wing populism creates a distinctive set of problems for business. Populism depends on a differentiation between the establishment elites and ‘the people’. The elites have become corrupt, self-serving, and distant from the concerns of the people. Populists promise to ‘drain the swamp’ and place themselves as authentic representatives of the people. In doing so they explicitly attack business for globalizing their production and removing employment from the country whilst at the same time encouraging immigration which impacts on jobs, public services, and issues of national and cultural identity. Populists attack key non-democratic institutions developed under neo-liberal governance as ways of keeping business power out of noisy politics, e.g. independent central banks, the use of experts and the creation of network governance, lobbying processes, and ‘revolving doors’ between business and government. They attack other powerful intermediary institutions such as the judiciary, the civil service, universities, and a free press as undermining the ‘will of the people’. For business, this involves major disruption in how they influenced policy making over the neo-liberal period. However, right wing populists remain committed to capitalism, low taxes, decreasing regulation and easy credit conditions. How then should business respond to these disruptions? We identify a range of responses based on firstly the specific form of populism in particular contexts and the degree to which it energizes its voters through economic or cultural discourses and processes, and secondly on the degree to which businesses engage in exit, voice, and loyalty strategies towards populist governments
Populism, Risk and Business:Present and Future Prospects
No full textThis chapter discusses the main findings of the volume and their implications for understanding the relationship between populism and business in comparative perspective. It analyses the main risks that populism poses to business by distinguishing between the risks associated with populism as a political style, the impact of populism on electoral politics, and political systems and the associated policy risks. By building on the framework developed in Chapter 1, this chapter discusses the most common business responses to these challenges, whilst highlighting the ambivalence many businesses feel about populism given the contradictory elements of the populist agenda and the complex strategic considerations surrounding the choice of the most appropriate response. This chapter also reflects on the broader significance of the populist turn, including its likely durability and its long-term impact on business, especially in the face challenges surrounding economic management, political legitimacy, and various contingent events
The Role of Science and Technology in UK Narratives about China:The Case of Synthetic Biology
No full textThis chapter analyses British media narratives about Chinese synthetic biology, a cutting-edge field of science focused on redesigning living organisms with applications in the development of new medicines, chemicals or in agriculture. Synthetic biology is an area that has acquired great significance in Chinese policymaking and attracted attention in global debates about China, not least given its centrality for the strategy for bioeconomy development and considerable public investment it received. The chapter explores the coverage of Chinese synthetic biology in leading British media outlets, and it identifies three sets of dominant media narratives related to benefits and opportunities, risks and threats, and ethics. The chapter situates these findings in relation to key debates in international relations and science and technology studies. It shows how the coverage of synthetic biology is bound up with wider debates and controversies surrounding the rise of China and the role of emerging technologies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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