1,720,989 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Committee Decision-Making under the Threat of Leaks
No full textLeaks are pervasive in politics. Hence, many committees that nominally operate under secrecy de facto operate under the threat that information might be passed on to outsiders. We study theoretically and experimentally how this possibility affects the behavior of committee members and the decision-making accuracy. Our theoretical analysis generates two major predictions. First, a committee operating under the threat of leaks is equivalent to a formally transparent committee in terms of the probabilities of supporting the adoption of a new policy. Second, the threat of leaks leads to a status-quo bias. In our experimental analysis of a committee with possible leaks, individual behavior is often less strategic than theoretically predicted, which leads to frequent leaks. However, despite these deviations on the individual level, our experiment confirms the two major theoretical predictions
Mobilizing citizen data for society 5.0
No full textScholars have long been concerned with the question of how the well-being of society and its individuals change in the face of technological progress, and how its ambiguity may be resolved (e.g., Ashton 1948, Crafts 1985, Deane and Cole 1962, Rostow 1960). The pressure and responsibility to find answers have never been greater than today. Despite the complexity and diversity of today’s innovations, a majority build on one key resource: data. Hence, the question of how technical progress can benefit society inevitably implies the question of data governance. Among politicians and academics, a specific term is currently emerging for a vision of society in which data and data-driven technology is primarily mobilized for the goal of maximizing social welfare and individual well-being: Society 5.0 (e.g., Cabinet Office 2016, Deguchi et al. 2020, Salgues 2018). Following the vision of Society 5.0, this dissertation aims to make a small contribution to increasing the availability and quality of data for the benefit of social welfare. For this purpose, it focuses on a promising approach that is currently receiving increasing attention in academia and practice alike: the active participation of citizens. First, citizens may deliberately create new data sets that did not exist before, e.g., through measurements, documentation, or surveys (e.g., Lämmerhirt et al. 2018). Second, citizens may share data sets with social welfare-oriented actors that they already automatically generated through the use of private industry products and services (World Bank 2021). Both approaches contribute to reallocate data and increase their quality in favor of society and its individuals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Charity as a signal of trustworthhiness
Get PDFBeing perceived as trustworthy comes with substantial economic benefits in many situations. Making other people think you are a trustworthy person may, therefore, be an important motive for charity and other forms of prosocial behavior, provided these activities work as signals of trustworthiness. This paper shows that donating money to an NGO substantially raises the other players' beliefs about the donors' trustworthiness in a simple trust game. Consequently, donors receive higher transfers. The magnitude of these benefits is substantial
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Charity as a Signal of Trustworthiness
Get PDFBeing perceived as trustworthy comes with substantial economic benefits in many situations. Making other people think you are a trustworthy person may, therefore, be an important motive for charity and other forms of prosocial behavior, provided these activities work as signals of trustworthiness. This paper shows that donating money to an NGO substantially raises the other players' beliefs about the donors’ trustworthiness in a simple trust game. Consequently, donors receive higher transfers. The magnitude of these benefits is substantial.charity, signaling, trust, trustworthiness
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Schule in Afrika
Get PDFMöchte man die Qualität der Schulbildung in Entwicklungsländern verbessern, so kommt es auf zwei wichtige Fragestellungen an: 1. Wie kann der Lernerfolg der Kinder erhöht werden? 2. Wie erreicht man, dass möglichst viele Kinder in den Genuss einer Schulbildungkommen? Die erste Frage zielt auf Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Schulqualität, die zweite auf die Steigerung der Quantität bzw. die effizientere Nutzung bestehender Kapazitäten. Mit schwachem Abschneiden in internationalen Leistungstests und sehr hohen Wiederholraten steht das frankophone Sub-Sahara Afrika besonders im Fokus. Diese Studie untersucht zum einen Gründe, die zum Wiederholen einer Klasse führen. Zum anderen werden eine Reihe von Faktoren auf ihre Wirksamkeit zur Steigerung der Schulqualität bzw. der Schülerleistungen hin untersucht. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse können einige Politikempfehlungen gemacht werden. Für die Analyse wird ein besonders detaillierter Paneldatensatz aus dem Senegal benutzt. Dieses Buch richtet sich sowohl an Interessierte an Bildungs- und Entwicklungsfragen, als auch an Praktiker in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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