1,720,994 research outputs found
Trop Med Infect Dis
Full text linkPreparation for outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases is often predicated on beliefs that we will be able to understand the epidemiological nature of an outbreak early into its inception. However, since many rare emerging diseases exhibit different epidemiological behaviors from outbreak to outbreak, early and accurate estimation of the epidemiological situation may not be straightforward in all cases. Previous studies have proposed considering the role of active asymptomatic infections co-emerging and co-circulating as part of the process of emergence of a novel pathogen. Thus far, consideration of the role of asymptomatic infections in emerging disease dynamics have usually avoided considering some important sets of influences. In this paper, we present and analyze a mathematical model to explore the hypothetical scenario that some (re)emerging diseases may actually be able to maintain stable, endemic circulation successfully in an entirely asymptomatic state. We argue that an understanding of this potential mechanism for diversity in observed epidemiological dynamics may be of considerable importance in understanding and preparing for outbreaks of novel and/or emerging diseases.DBI-1300426/National Science Foundation/33317176PMC7768460915
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Being smarter than the bugs: the role of (meta)population dynamics in the control of invasive mosquitoes and the pathogens they transmit
No full textMosquito-borne pathogens continue to afflict human populations around the world. Currently, our best methods for combatting the majority of them focus on controlling the vector species that transmit these pathogens. In the absence of systematic protocols developed by careful scientific research, current control methods vary significantly across space at multiple scales, and are reactively executed in response to various entomological and epidemiological indices. The resulting spatiotemporal patchwork of mosquito control across the local, regional, and global landscape provides the immediate potential to generate metapopulation dynamics in both mosquito vector species and the pathogens they transmit. In this dissertation, I explore these largely unstudied, novel dynamics, with the goal of illuminating ways in which mosquito control methods can better protect the global health landscape from mosquito-borne pathogens.
In chapter one, I examine the timing of larval control when triggered by different types and scales of surveillance information, and how well each surveillance type informs intervention that effectively reduces human infections. In chapter two, I explore how the spatial distribution of larval control across a landscape causes and interacts with mosquito metapopulation dynamics to determine the efficacy of control efforts. In chapter three, I compare the efficacies of adulticide treatment and larval control in reducing the number of human infections in different entomological contexts. Ultimately, all three chapters demonstrate that local context determines when and where different types of mosquito control should be used, and highlight the need for further basic and applied research on vector mosquitoes in order to develop cost-effective, context-specific programs for the control of mosquito-borne viruses.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Samantha R. Schwa
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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