1,787 research outputs found

    The Unintended Consequences of Taxing Digital Platforms: A Race to the Top?

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    The digital advertising tax is an increasingly used policy measure, but its consequences must still be better understood. We develop a theoretical model where two countries compete to tax a digital platform that sets its quality and advertising to maximize profits. While the tax may increase country-level tax revenues, we highlight an unexplored drawback of this policy. The unilateral ability of a country to tax advertising revenues generated in its territories may lead to inefficiently high equilibrium tax rates. A “race to the top”, as opposed to the “race to the bottom” typically observed in tax competition across countries, occurs whenever the digital platform’s quality is sufficiently responsive to an increase in the tax rate and is more decisive than advertising in determining prices and consumer welfare. Our findings emphasize the need for a global initiative on digital platform taxation rather than leaving the decision to individual countries

    Social Surrogacy: Market Design and Implications for Fertility

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    We investigate theoretically the introduction of a market for commercial surrogacy for social motives. Agents have heterogeneous incomes and preferences for parenthood, and face pregnancy-related income reductions. In equilibrium, lowincome agents provide surrogacy for high-income agents who seek “insurance” against income loss and would not become parents without surrogacy. Surrogacy has an ambiguous effect on fertility: it increases fertility only if the latter is low without surrogacy. Otherwise, its impact on fertility is negative

    Correction: Differences between experimental and placebo arms in manual therapy trials: a methodological review (BMC Medical Research Methodology, (2022), 22, 1, (219), 10.1186/s12874-022-01704-8)

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    Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in the presentation of author names. The given name and family name were swapped. The correct author names are as follows: Giandomenico D’Alessandro, Nuria Ruffini, Alessandro Aquino, Matteo Galli, Mattia Innocenti, Marco Tramontano, Francesco Cerritelli. The author group has been updated above and the original article [1] has been corrected

    Ligaments Reconstruction for Posttraumatic Ulnar Translocation of the Carpus: A Case Report

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    Background Posttraumatic ulnar translocation of the carpus, a result of radiocarpal ligament tear is a relatively rare condition that may lead to persistent wrist pain and loss of function. Case Description We report a case of radiocarpal ligament tear of which we reconstruct it with a vascularized interosseous membrane with 13 years of follow-up. Literature Review Many treatment options have been proposed for the posttraumatic ulnar translocation, ranging from open repair to partial wrist fusion. However, the long term results have been disappointing. Clinical Relevance Though this technique of reconstruction is technically demanding, it shows promising long term clinical outcome.</jats:p

    Spazi urbani come gioco: User Experience tra realtà aumentata e gamification

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    Il capitolo è dedicato all'analisi che gli effetti delle mutazioni nel panorama mediale hanno sugli spazi fisici e sugli spazi urbani in particolare. Per leggere la complessità dello scenario e le relative mutazioni il saggio adotta una prospettiva sistemica, in continuità con i lavori più recenti dei due autori e con la loro proposta di un nuovo paradigma per la produzione mediale contemporanea detto "ecosistemi narrativi". Il capitolo analizza alcune forme di pervasività tipiche dei media contemporanea per arrivare a studiare una forma particolare di pervasive gaming. L'esperienza videoludica viene qui analizzata nella sua forma peculiare di esperienza ponte tra realtà fisica e realtà digitale con alcuni case studies

    The Reggiane Factory and New Immigrants: Memory and Local History to Strengthen Integration

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    The knowledge of the local history can be a important tool to promote a deeper understanding and to strengthen the sense of belonging to the place where immigrants live. The link to the past events allows to find common elements and common roots, and it permit to live the present with more open-minded attitudes and hopes. Istoreco is the Historical Institute of contemporary age in the city of Reggio Emilia (Italy) and its mission is to preserve and divulgate the history of its territory in XIX and XX century, with particular attention to the second world war years. For free public use the Institute preserve many historical archives of Italian political parties, trade unions, veterans associations, public administrations, companies, private archives, war diaries and a big photographic archive. To give a sample of a operative approaches to interculturalism towards the memory heritage and the historical signs on the urban areas, we want to focus on a particular project. In the worker class slum of Santa Croce, in the city of Reggio Emilia, since 100 years ago, a big factory called Reggiane had welcomed generations of immigrants, at first from the South of Italy, later from foreigner countries. During all its existence the Reggiane had made agricultural machineries, railways material, aircrafts and dock equipments and had employed dozens of thousands of men and women. For many years the prosperity of the factory had coincided with the prosperity of the city. The factory is closed now, but Santa Croce district is still populated by many immigrants; many of them absolutely ignore the story of the district and of its factory. In 2010 Istoreco and the Municipality of Reggio Emilia prepared a project aimed to divulgate the story of the district and of the Reggiane to the actual inhabitants of Santa Croce. The project was named “Noi non vogliamo lavorare per la Guerra” (“We don’t want to work for the war”, as a 1943 antifascist strikers’ motto said) and followed three steps. At first, the Istoreco officers met the foreign communities of the city for to expose the idea; secondly, it had been a guided visit to Santa Croce and its historical places linked to Reggiane; finally, they organized a visit to the Istoreco headequarter, to learn from the historical archives of Reggio Emilia and to see and touch original papers and documents. The whole project had been documented in a film presented on May 2011 at the national festival “Filmare la storia” (“Shooting history”), and it had been awarded for its ability to explain the history of Reggio Emilia to foreign students and workers

    The diameter of cortical axons depends both on the area of origin and target

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    In primates, different cortical areas send axons of different diameters into comparable tracts, notably the corpus callosum (Tomasi S, Caminiti R, Innocenti GM. 2012. Areal differences in diameter and length of corticofugal projections. Cereb Cortex. 22:1463-1472). We now explored if an area also sends axons of different diameters to different targets. We find that the parietal area PEc sends thicker axons to area 4 and 6, and thinner ones to the cingulate region (area 24). Areas 4 and 9, each sends axons of different diameters to the nucleus caudatus, to different levels of the internal capsule, and to the thalamus. The internal capsule receives the thickest axon, followed by thalamus and nucleus caudatus. The 2 areas (4 and 9) differ in the diameter and length of axons to corresponding targets. We calculated how diameter determines conduction velocity of the axons and together with pathway length determines transmission delays between different brain sites. We propose that projections from and within the cerebral cortex consist of a complex system of lines of communication with different geometrical and time computing properties. © The Author 2013
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