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Branislava Susnik en su laberinto: la lingüística, la etnología y la historia desde el Paraguay
Full text linkEl artículo analiza la obra lingüística, antropológica e histórica de Branislava Susnik desde su llegada al Paraguay: sus antecedentes teóricometodológicos (la etnografía descriptiva americanista, el evolucionismo y el difusionismo europeos); sus sesgos (la primacía explicativa de la razón mitológica o la matriz evolutiva implícita en sus formulaciones comparativas: cazadores-recolectores, agricultores, sociedades complejas, etc.); su contexto de producción y las relaciones con diferentes traductores, informantes y colaboradores (Aita, Zenón, Juan Pablo Vera, Jithwase, Ogwa), así como también las condiciones específicas del trabajo de campo etnográfico y lingüístico entre los makás, lenguas, angaités, sanapanás, nivaclés, chamacocos, ayoreos, tobas, chiripás y achés o guayakis; o el problema de la expresión conceptual y su célebre afición por los neologismos crípticos; sus vínculos metodológicos con diversos mecanismos y técnicas de trabajo (grabación magnetofónica, fotografía, entrevistas, observaciones y 'frasearios'); las repercusiones institucionales de sus investigaciones, así como también sus implicancias para un país como Paraguay, cuya identidad nacional se funda sobre una noción romantizada del mestizaje entre los colonizadores españoles y el mundo guaraní. A través del análisis detallado de algunos tópicos diagnósticos (el estudio de la etnonimia, el comparativismo regional o el análisis estratigráfico de las transformaciones étnicas), se postula finalmente que la obra de Susnik cifra un proyecto inacabado para una auténtica antropología del cambio social
CAPITALISMO EN LAS SELVAS Lorena Córdoba, Federico Bossert y Nicolas Richard (Eds)
No full textEnclaves industriales en el Chaco y Amazonía indígenas (1850-1950) CAPITALISMO EN LAS SELVAS Lorena Córdoba, Federico Bossert y Nicolas Richard Editores Este libro aborda, desde una perspectiva local y comparada, el despliegue del frente industrial capitalista sobre los territorios indígenas del Chaco y Amazonía a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. La industria mecanizada del caucho, del azúcar o del tanino supuso profundas transformaciones en territorios hasta entonces al margen d..
Max Schmidt in Mato Grosso
No full textBetween 1899 and 1929, Max Schmidt worked for the Berlin Ethnological Museum and undertook three expeditions to the Mato Grosso in order to continue the investigations of his mentor Karl von der Steinen. Between 1900 and 1901 he explored the upper Xingu trying to reach Kamaiurá territory, meeting several Bakairí, Nahukuá and Aweti Indians, and also the Guató of the swamps of upper Paraguay. In 1910 he attended the International Congress of Americanists in Buenos Aires and seized the opportunity to study the Paresí. Between 1926 and 1928 he undertook a final voyage to the upper Xingu and visited the Bacairí, Kaiabi, Paresí, Iranches and Umotinas. In these trips Schmidt took dozens of pictures that document indigenous life and the first interethnic contacts. The paper presents the ethnographic context of these pictures discussing the incidents of each journey; the exploration and conquest of the indigenous Mato Grosso by State agents and rubber barons; the ethnographic and methodological heritage of Adolf Bastian, Karl von der Steinen and the ongoing discussion in German ethnology, and Schmidt ́s own theoretical and museographical interests. Finally it discusses Schmidt ́s ethnographic fieldwork and the role photography played in it
Branislava Sušnik in antropologija sprememb
Full text linkThe article provides an overview of Branislava Susnik’s linguistic, ethnographic and historical
studies in Paraguay, arguing that much of her work can be understood as a far-reaching, multidisciplinary investigation of social change in indigenous societies. It shows how, in each field, her strictly empiricist approach, averse to disciplinary conventions and theoretical formulations, led her to delineate the same fluid, dynamic social matter, permanently crossed by several linguistic, experiential and historical vectors. Following the chronological development of her research, we first analyse her linguistic productions from her first experiences in the Argentine Chaco to her interest in the effects of contact with the colonising front on indigenous languages, and the progressive attention she paid to the phenomena of speech. As for her ethnographic production, the two field studies Susnik conducted among the Ishir (1956-57 and 1968-69) are contrasted, analysing the thematic drift between the emphasis on mythology and ritual life in the first and the lucid and meticulous study of social change in the second. A third section, devoted to her approach to changes in ethnonyms in the historical ethnology of the Chaco, analyses her reconstruction
of the region as a dynamic field intertwined by perspectives, cultural and linguistic influences, that determined not only nominal denominations but also the very definition of social units. A final section identifies the methodological tools and central concepts of Sušnik’s anthropology (including her photographic production), designed to record, document and analyse an everchanging object of study
Federico Bossert and Diego Villar, Hijos de la selva. La fotografía etnográfica de Max Schmidt / Sons of the forest. The Ethnographic Photography of Max Schmidt. Ed. Viggo Mortensen, Santa Mónica, Perceval Press, 2013, 136 p.
No full textWritten both in English and in Spanish by the Argentinean anthropologists Federico Bossert and Diego Villar, this bilingual volume recounts the life and work of Max Schmidt, an underrated early XXth century German ethnologist who conducted several studies of indigenous languages, material cultures and technologies in the regions of Mato Grosso (Brazil) and Chaco (Paraguay). The goal is achieved not only by means of narration but also with the original photographs taken by Schmidt, which were ..
La representación wichí del trabajo y el ingenio azucarero
No full textIn questo saggio le autrici analizzano il rapporto che gli indigeni wichí del Chaco hanno intrattenuto con il lavoro salariato durante il periodo di lavoro come braccianti nelle piantagioni di canna da zucchero. Gli anni presi in considerazione sono l'ultima decade del XIX secolo fino agli Venti del 1900. Si analizzano alcune testimnianze orali raccolte sul campo e alcuni documenti ufficiali ed in particolare si raffrontano con la testimonianza dell'ispettore del lavore José Niklison (1917)
El trabajo indígena en economías de enclave: una visión comparativa (barracas caucheras e ingenios azucareros, siglos XIX y XX)
No full textEste libro aborda, desde una perspectiva local y
comparada, el despliegue del frente industrial
capitalista sobre los territorios indígenas del
Chaco y Amazonía a partir de la segunda mitad del
siglo XIX. La industria mecanizada del caucho, del
azúcar o del tanino supuso profundas transformaciones
en territorios hasta entonces al margen de la
agenda colonizadora y poblados por distintas
comunidades indígenas que se articularon de
diversos modos al trabajo en las industrias. Una
misma serie de actores y de dispositivos (almacenes,
conchavadores y pulperías; herramientas de
metal, platos enlozados y armas; misioneros, militares y
capataces, etc.) se despliega entonces sobre un
espacio cultural y ecológicamente heterogéneo,
organizando un paisaje intersticial y variopinto
de formas y articulaciones locales. Los
trabajos que componen este libro permiten
complejizar y matizar, desde la antropología y
desde la multiplicidad de voces que habilita, una
temática hasta aquí generalmente abordada desde sus
solas coordenadas históricas, económicas o nacionales
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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