119 research outputs found
IL CONSENSO INFORMATO NELLA GESTIONE SANITARIA DELLA VIOLENZA DI GENERE: NON SOLO UN ATTO DOVUTO. RISVOLTI ETICI E DEONTOLOGICI
No full textIl consenso ad un atto medico è la consapevole adesione della persona assistita alle decisioni sul trattamento sanitario proposto attraverso un’esauriente informazione sulle sue condizioni di salute e, soprattutto, sulle conseguenze e sui rischi dell’accettare il trattamento stesso, sia esso diagnostico che terapeutico.
Nel rapporto con la persona assistita è necessario considerare e tutelare il suo diritto alla salute: ciò implica una chiara e veritiera informazione a partire dalle finalità della visita medica, degli esami strumentali o di laboratorio, nel rispetto della privacy e della dignità della persona stessa, che ha il diritto di rifiutare o revocare nei tempi previsti qualsiasi trattamento, supportata in ciò da quanto definito all’art. 1 della legge 219/2017.
Nella gestione sanitaria di una persona che abbia subito una qualsiasi forma di violenza, il consenso all’esame clinico e forense può essere letto non solo come un dovere, ma anche come una scelta terapeutica ed etica per restituire integrità, dignità e rispetto al corpo violato.
Il termine “violenza” racchiude infatti il concetto di mancato consenso ad un atto sulla propria persona. La raccolta di materiale biologico a fini clinici e forensi, gli esami strumentali e l’esame obiettivo che può richiedere alla paziente o al paziente di mostrare la sua nudità potrebbero essere vissuti dalla persona assistita come un’ulteriore violenza. Al contrario, è importante comunicare in modo corretto e completo alla persona assistita ogni singolo passaggio diagnostico-terapeutico e la sua specifica finalità, motivando ogni gesto e ottenendo il suo consenso, con pazienza ed empatia. Questo approccio è fondamentale anche per un primo recupero terapeutico di natura psicologica che, in un momento di acuzie come quello di una violenza appena vissuta, potrebbe essere di fondamentale importanza per affrontare e rielaborare l’abuso subito.
Ottenere il consenso da un soggetto adulto, capace di intendere e volere non è di difficile gestione; diventa invece più complesso nel caso in cui la persona assistita sia incosciente, minorenne o in qualsiasi altra condizione che comprometta la sua capacità di intendere e di volere.
Nel caso di un minore, infatti, la situazione risulta ancora più critica quando il minore stesso riferisce una violenza subita da parte dei genitori o quanto vi sia il sospetto di una violenza vissuta tra le mura domestiche. In questi casi, infatti, il personale sanitario si trova a dover decidere se fornire ai genitori, potenziali abusanti, qualsiasi tipo di informazione medica, che possa - anche indirettamente - arrecare danno al minore. In questi casi, dunque, la responsabilità genitoriale non può prevalere sullo sviluppo dei valori e dell’individualità del minore, ed è in questo equilibrio tra responsabilità genitoriale e tutela dal danno al minore che il personale sanitario può trovare una giustificazione etica alle proprie scelte
Unaccompanied foreign minors: the Novara experience as a reference center of Eastern Piedmont (Italy)
No full textBackground: 20% of migrants who reach Italy are minors, often Unaccompanied Foreign Minors (UFM). If they are minors, they have the right to remain on EU territory, but in case of doubt, the authorities ask to ascertain their age. This is currently done through different procedures. Methods: The aim of this study was to understand the validity of the protocol adopted by the ‘Maggiore della Carità hospital in Novara (Italy), reference center for Eastern Piedmont, for ascertaining the age of self-proclaimed minors by comparing the results with those of other European realities. A cross-sectional study was conducted by analyzing the final reports of UFM examined at this hospital between January 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2023. Socio-demographic, clinical, radiological and forensic data were collected. Results: Three hundred and one migrants were evaluated: 97% was male with an average age reported of 16.32 years ± 1.35. The estimated age by wrist X-ray was 17.81 ± 1.52. The physical examination of sexual maturation was not statistically correlated with the age estimated by X-rays (r = 0.36). No migrant was certified as an adult. Pathologies and injuries were frequently described. Conclusion: Comparing these results with those of similar European studies, it seems that the Piedmont protocol is unable to accurately estimate the age, even though it is one of the most complete Italian one. The effort to assign an age as close as possible to the actual one is a prerequisite for recognizing the rights of these individuals, but the method must achieve concrete and decisive results without violating their integrity
Antibacterial functionalization of PVC by chitosan addition for agricoltural application
No full textAn Autopsy-Based Analysis of Fatal Road Traffic Collisions: How the Pattern of Injury Differs with the Type of Vehicle
No full textIn Italy, in only 2018, 3310 people died in road traffic accidents, more than in any other European country. Since the revelation of this occurrence, the authors carried out an analysis aimed at investigating if there was a difference in the injury patterns among different road users. A retrospective post-mortem study on road traffic fatalities was performed, which had been autopsied at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Milan. First, the authors analyzed the epidemiological data of all the 1022 road traffic accidents subjected to an autopsy from 2007 to 2019. Secondly, further analysis of individual autopsy reports was carried out. For this purpose, 180 autopsies belonging to 5 different categories were analyzed: car, pedestrian, motorbike, bicycle, and truck. Seventy-six percent of road traffic fatalities were male, 54% were between 10 and 49 years of age, and 62% of the patients died before arriving at a hospital. “Multiple injuries” was the main cause of death. Traumatic brain injuries were particularly high in pedestrians and cyclists. In car, motorbike, and truck fatalities, thoracic and abdominal injuries were the most frequent. Therefore, pedestrians and cyclists had a higher prevalence for traumatic head injuries, while car, motorcycle, and truck occupants, on the other hand, had a higher prevalence for thoracic and abdominal injuries
La necrosi della testa del femore da traumatismo contusivo minore. Stato dell’arte e considerazioni medico-legali
No full textI35 Paternal Filicide for Spousal Revenge: The Male Side of Medea’s Syndrome in the Italian Population Over the Last Ten Years
No full text055 MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RUN-OVER INJURIES IN FATAL PEDESTRIAN-MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES
No full textFatigue crack growth in ECAPed commercially pure UFG copper
No full textAbstractThis work presents the experimental characterization of the fatigue crack growth resistance of an ultrafine-grained (UFG) copper alloy with a purity level equal to 99.90%. The UFG copper has an average grain size of 300 nm obtained by a 8-passes ECAP process throughout route Bc. The crack propagation behavior is investigated by standard fatigue crack propagation tests conducted in air, at load ratio R=Kmin/Kmax varying from 0.1 to 0.7, on Disk Shaped CT specimens. The tests are conducted at stage I and stage II regime of crack growth rate. Results are partially in contrast with the few experimental data available in literature about this material. In fact, the present copper shows a relatively high fatigue crack resistance with respect to the conventional coarse-grained alloy, especially when increases the applied ΔK=Kmax−Kmin. The analysis of some fracture surface morphologies corresponding to different growth rates, is conducted to highlight the propagation mechanism. A diffuse crack deflection and branching is observed at high nominal R-ratio, that could explain the crack retardation. However, a better understanding is needed on the effective role of the grain size, of the dislocations density and of the impurities at the grain boundaries. A micromechanical model based on a statistically equivalent microstructure obtained with a Voronoi tessellation is under study by the author in order to clarify these aspects
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