1,720,959 research outputs found
Child language brokering: how migrant children play an active role and maximize their human factor
No full textChildren and young adults belonging to immigrant families often translate for their parents and other family members who are still not proficient in the official language, a practice known as Child Language Brokering. The task that these children perform is multi-faceted, controversial and it may represent a source of responsibility. This presentation sets out to analyse the ways in which child language brokering is achieved and to highlight child language brokers’ agency. This analysis is based on the study of extracts from one child language brokered interaction that was audio-recorded and transcribed using a simplified version of conventions applied in conversation analysis. By looking at how the participants of the interaction co-construct their understanding, this study examines the role of child language brokers as proactive participants and their contribution to the achievement of the communication. The findings show the agency and the active role of child language brokers
Parents' and Children's Perspectives on Child Language Brokering: a Comparative Approach
No full textOver the last decades, immigration has grown rapidly in Italy and the increasing number of immigrant children and family reunifications have confirmed this evolution. Immigrant children often learn the local language and culture faster than their parents and thus act as cultural and linguistic mediators for their families and community members contributing to the practice defined as Child Language Brokering (hereinafter CLB) (Antonini 2011, 2014, 2015, Orellana 2009). This presentation’s primary aim is to analyze CLB from the perspectives of both language brokers and their parents focusing on three main elements, the practice of language brokering, feelings towards this activity and family relations in order to determine whether children and parents share the same perceptions and opinions on this activity. To achieve this objective, structured in-depth questionnaires and follow-up interviews were administered to 10 language brokers, aged between 10 and 14, and to one of their parents living in the provinces of Forlì and Ravenna, in the Emilia Romagna region. By means of data analysis and combining qualitative and quantitative analyses (carried out using SPSS statistical software), a wide variety of brokering issues were investigated and will be discussed, such as frequency and purpose of the activity, how language brokers feel about this practice and parents reactions to their children serving as language brokers. The results highlight how language brokering is experienced as a shared activity carried out in the family’s best interests and during which not only words but also knowledge and values are conveyed
Child Language Brokering: la percezione degli studenti di origine straniera e dei rispettivi insegnanti
No full textIn the last decades Italy has been undergoing large migratory waves and Italian schools have been reporting the highest numbers of multilingual students coming from immigrant families and speaking minority languages. These multilingual immigrant students may be asked to act as translators or mediators for their peers or family members who do not speak Italian fluently, thus contributing to the practice defined as Child Language Brokering (CLB). This paper will present the results of a research carried out during the school year 2014-15 in the province of Ravenna, among 27 teachers and 126 immigrant students attending four junior high schools. The aim of the study is to analyse by means of structured questionnaires whether multilingualism matches with language brokering experiences or not, to examine teachers’ opinions about this activity and the perspectives of those students who reported having acted as translators using their linguistic knowledge to help people understand each other
Problems of children's involvement in interpreter-mediated meetings between their teachers and their parents
Full text linkThis paper focuses on six interpreter-mediated interactions between teachers, migrant parents, and their children in Italian primary schools, a topic that has not yet been widely examined in the literature on public service interpreting. The analysis draws on audio-recorded interpreter-mediated interactions collected in Italy during a European Horizon 2020 project. The paper shows the barriers that exist in engaging children in these interactions. The difficulties observed are varied and more challenging to overcome than those hindering parental involvement. While Childhood Studies shows that the important enhancement of children’s agency in social contexts needs particular non-hierarchical structures of interaction, in the analysed interpreter-mediated interactions the mutual positioning of teachers, parents and mediators does not allow this enhancement. Thus, the involved children stay silent, they provide minimal responses when addressed, they show feelings of distress, and their few initiatives are not supported by the other participants. The paper shows the reasons for the failure of both teachers’ actions and mediators’ coordination to involve children and support their exercise of agency
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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