1,721,092 research outputs found
REGULATION OF BIOBANKS IN ITALY
Full text linkIn Italy, a biobank is “a non-profit organization that must be officially recognized by the appropriate healthcare authority in the member states and must guarantee the treatment, distribution and conservation of biological material according to standards of quality and professionalism,” but must not conserve material already regulated by specific laws, as is the case for organs for transplants, blood for transfusions, as well as embryos and gametes for medically assisted reproduction. The concept of biobank includes not only biological samples, but also the related database of clinical and personal information, from which the subject's lifestyle can be deduced. Unfortunately, at the moment, Italian law does not offer specific itineraries for achieving this legal status
Informed Consent for Genetics Research in Italy
Full text linkBackground: Genetic research has become an indispensable instrument for medical research, and the subjects involved have both divergent and convergent interests. Objective: The possibility of having more detailed genetic information undoubtedly offers benefits for the health of the subject, but could also pose risks and make the subject vulnerable to discrimination. The scientific community has viewed very favorably the public health utility of family history, in which data from a family whose members suffer from chronicpathologies is collected and filed, in order to develop a sort of "stratification of family risk." Even though in the last decade the scientific and juridical literature has contributed greatly to the topic of biobanks, the perplexities that continue to surround this theme give the idea that current ethical protocols on research are inadequate. Conclusion: Genetic data must be used not to exploit, but to serve the person. Freedom and responsibility must be the twin guiding lights for establishing parameters for the use of biological samples. An evaluation of how this technology impacts the various aspects of the future of society is urgently needed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage caused by trephine biopsy
No full textThe bone marrow biopsy is usually a safe procedure; however, it can occasionally present important complications. These complications are not always immediately evident or quickly diagnosed and may include pain at the biopsy site, trauma to neighboring structures, vascular injuries, infection, transient pressure neuropathies, pneumoretroperitoneum, and hemorrhage. Several risk factors are recognized, including thrombocytopenia, concurrent use of anticoagulants, and the presence of an underlying myeloproliferative disorder. While several reports of adverse events have been published, only 2 deaths attributable to this procedure have been reported. We present 2 cases of fatal hemorrhage after bone marrow biopsy
Riforma Cartabia, nuovo regime di perseguibilità delle lesioni personali e suo impatto sull’obbligo del referto
No full textGli Autori analizzano, in questo breve saggio, quella par- te della riforma del processo e del sistema sanzionato- rio penale (legge ‘Cartabia’) che ha modificato il regime di procedibilità di alcune figure di reato. E lo fanno in prospettiva pratica con l’obiettivo di verificare il se ed il come la novella legislativa abbia modificato il perimetro degli obblighi informativi posti in capo al medico ed agli altri professionisti della salute. Gli Autori si focalizzano, in particolare, sulle situazioni di minorata difesa della per- sona procurate o dall’esistenza di una infermità o dalla sua età anagrafica; soprattutto di quelle più anziane visto e considerato che la protezione della vecchiaia è una frontiera della giustizia poco frequentata, nonostante la particolarità delle istanze e dei bisogni espressi dalla mol- titudine delle persone che ne fanno parte. E che appella- no la nostra umanità chiedendo a chi ha la responsabilità della cura di non abbassare il livello di guardia imposto dalle regole della solidarietà e del diritto di cittadinanza
Medical ethics questions of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant and lactating women in East Asia and Oceania
Full text linkWe aimed to investigate some of the medical ethics issues that characterize the COVID-19 vaccination phase in pregnancy and breast-feeding. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, focusing mainly on the countries of East Asia and Oceania. Vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to help protect babies from COVID-19 by enabling antibodies to pass from mother to baby. However, individual countries of the same continent may adopt conflicting policy positions. Not only that, indications on the type of vaccine sometimes vary, depending on whether a woman is pregnant or breastfeeding. In this review we have taken into considerationp the policy positions on pregnancy and lactation by country and type of Covid-19 vaccine in East Asia and Oceania. Ten out of the 18 countries considered (representing more than two thirds of the population of East Asia and Oceania) provide different vaccine indications for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Can this diversity of recommendations be seen as a form of optimal protection for women in these categories, or does it suggest that some countries have taken a defensive position to avoid compensation claims in the event of complications? Is it ethically correct to leave questions concerning informed consent open? Misin-formation during a health crisis leaves people without protection and with increased vaccine hesitancy, especially for vulnerable populations in hard-to-reach areas of East Asia and Oceania
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