1,720,962 research outputs found
Stability of canine urine samples under different storage conditions
No full textThe stability of canine urine samples is essential when the samples cannot be analyzed immediately. The objective of this study was to investigate the stability of canine urine samples at room temperature and under refrigerated conditions. Samples from 20 dogs were collected, divided, and stored at 4°C and 20°C. The samples were examined up to 48 h after collection for specific gravity, pH, protein, bilirubin, glucose, ketones, and sediment and at 4 h and 24 h for bacterial growth. Specific gravity and all chemistry parameters were stable for a minimum of 48 h in 90% of samples. The sediment was stable, apart from crystals. The bacterial growth of 3 bacterial species tested in vitro, as well as the clinical samples, was mostly constant over 24 h at the refrigerated temperature. In urine samples stored at room temperature, the total number of aerobic growing bacteria was increasing. The results of our study showed that routinely measured parameters were stable in unpreserved urine for a minimum of 4 h and up to 48 h in most cases. If it is not possible to culture urine immediately, it is recommended that urine samples be stored at 4°C for a period of up to 24 h
Stability of canine urine samples under different storage conditions
No full textThe stability of canine urine samples is essential when the samples cannot be analyzed immediately. The objective of this study was to investigate the stability of canine urine samples at room temperature and under refrigerated conditions. Samples from 20 dogs were collected, divided, and stored at 4°C and 20°C. The samples were examined up to 48 h after collection for specific gravity, pH, protein, bilirubin, glucose, ketones, and sediment and at 4 h and 24 h for bacterial growth. Specific gravity and all chemistry parameters were stable for a minimum of 48 h in 90% of samples. The sediment was stable, apart from crystals. The bacterial growth of 3 bacterial species tested in vitro, as well as the clinical samples, was mostly constant over 24 h at the refrigerated temperature. In urine samples stored at room temperature, the total number of aerobic growing bacteria was increasing. The results of our study showed that routinely measured parameters were stable in unpreserved urine for a minimum of 4 h and up to 48 h in most cases. If it is not possible to culture urine immediately, it is recommended that urine samples be stored at 4°C for a period of up to 24 h
Horses as a Crucial Part of One Health
No full textOne Health (OH) is a crucial concept, where the interference between humans, animals and the environment matters. This review article focusses on the role of horses in maintaining the health of humans and the environment. Horses’ impact on environmental health includes their influence on soil and the biodiversity of animal and plant species. Nevertheless, the effect of horses is not usually linear and several factors like plant–animal coevolutionary history, climate and animal density play significant roles. The long history of the relationship between horses and humans is shaped by the service of horses in wars or even in mines. Moreover, horses were essential in developing the first antidote to cure diphtheria. Nowadays, horses do have an influential role in animal assisted therapy, in supporting livelihoods in low income countries and as a leisure partner. Horses are of relevance in the spillover of zoonotic and emerging diseases from wildlife to human (e.g., Hendra Virus), and in non-communicable diseases (e.g., post-traumatic osteoarthritis in horses and back pain in horse riders). Furthermore, many risk factors—such as climate change and antimicrobial resistance—threaten the health of both horses and humans. Finally, the horse is a valuable factor in sustaining the health of humans and the environment, and must be incorporated in any roadmap to achieve OH
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Efficacy of dairy on-farm high-temperature, short-time pasteurization of milk on the viability of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis
No full textDistribution of Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis in a German zoological garden determined by IS900 semi-nested and quantitative real-time PCR
No full textLittle data concerning the distribution of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in zoological gardens is available. The presence of MAP in captured wildlife might provide further information on non-ruminant hosts and expand the list of animals susceptible to MAP being potential sources of MAP transmission. Therefore, a German zoological garden with recent history of clinical paratuberculosis in Barbary sheep (Ammo tragus lervia) and an alpaca (Lama pacos) was selected to estimate the distribution of MAP infections in 21 mammalian and avian species. Pooled faecal samples from individual animals of each species were tested for the presence of MAP. A previously developed 15900 semi-nested PCR (snPCR) assay, amplifying a 587 bp and a 278 bp fragment, was used for the detection of MAP-DNA. Based on this snPCR, in 14 out of the 21 pooled faecal samples MAP-DNA was detected. MAP positive snPCR results were observed in ruminants and camelids as well as in non-ruminants such as equines, primates, rodents, and birds. Moreover, a quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that the concentration of MAP-DNA was within the range of 2.2 x 10(3)-9.6 x 10(6) MAP-DNA equivalents per gram faeces. The highest amount was shed by primates such as Black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) and Cottontop tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). This is the first survey investigating the presence of MAP in a German zoo, which includes non-ruminants. The results of the present study confirm the wide host range of MAP and demonstrate that MAP occurs more frequently in zoo animals than expected. In order to restrict further spread of MAP in European zoos, additional investigations regarding the existing transmission pathways of MAP in zoos are recommended. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology [KF2484201AJ9
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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