1,720,993 research outputs found
The Value of Waste Material: Creating Products from Recycled HDPE Plastic
No full textPlastic pollution is one of the most pressing environmental problems in the world. Plastic creates substantial business opportunities and affords the design of innovative products. Plastic’s advantage is that it can be transformed into a wide variety of shapes and it is cheaper and more lightweight, waterproof and stable than many other materials. The leading cause of large-scale plastic pollution worldwide is the accumulation of non-degradable plastics, and New Zealand is no exception to this problem. Tempted by plastic’s high-value performance, designers often ignore that plastic is not naturally degradable. Therefore, there is an opportunity to improve plastic design and manufacturing methods to reduce environmental pollution by effectively upcycling plastic waste in New Zealand.
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is most commonly used for milk packaging in New Zealand. The primary aim of this research project is to investigate design opportunities to upcycle HDPE plastic from discarded milk bottles. This research applied a product design approach to close the lifecycle loop and increase the plastic material’s lifespan.
The characteristics of HDPE plastics were explored through research and experimentation to find new applications for discarded HDPE, positively impacting the product industry. Discarded HDPE plastic bottles were shredded and reformed using heat and moulding production methods. One of the other goals of this design project was to create an appealing aesthetic with the HDPE plastic product. Both the pleasing aesthetic and easy remodelling characteristics of HDPE were advantageous in helping to turn the discarded HDPE into a low-cost but high-quality product. The material characteristics identified through extensive experimentation assisted in defining suitable production methods to create a sustainable product. This project aimed to create a product from the identified waste material that can benefit the university and its cafes, which is where the HDPE waste was originally created. Ideation in the form of sketching and prototyping and a human-centred design process were used to identify and refine suitable product opportunities
The Science of Multiplicities: Post-Structuralism and Ecological Complexities in Design
No full textThis research investigates the potential contribution of the philosophy of Gilles
Deleuze to design research. Through a comprehensive review of the literature an
understanding of the themes of immanence and anti-essentialism in naturalism and
environmental ethics was generated. Using interpretations of Deleuze’s philosophy with
the sciences of complexity, I investigate the themes identified through the extension of
the notion of self-organising material systems to the socio-technical realm of design
research. Through the analysis of architecture and design discourses in the 1990’s an
immanent field of design research is presented. The implications are drawn out through
the investigation of a general ethico-aesthetic theory of design research through the
comparison of problematic and axiomatic epistemology. The research concludes by
presenting a better understanding of the relationship of issues of the environment and
design as well as providing a conceptual framework that can enable productive dialogue
between architectural and design discourses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Idea of the Doctorate in Art and Design: A Literature Review Using an Argument-Based Approach to Validation
No full textThe literature about research education and the doctorate in art and design is fragmented and characterised by disagreement about fundamental issues. A key problem is that no one has published a systematic review of this literature. This dissertation investigates this problem by systematically reviewing what is known in the literature about research education and the doctorate in art and design. The dissertation synthesises the literature and provides a new understanding of the issues.
First, I review a book about doctoral assessment in art and design. I apply an argument-based approach to assessment using analytic concepts developed from validity theory. Second, I use these analytic concepts to inform the systematic literature review to ensure that I connect the results to their context of use. I report the systematic literature review in line with the PRISMA guidelines. I searched for records published between 1900 and 2022 and identified 5,673 records from databases and via other methods. After I excluded duplicates, I assessed the records for eligible studies. The full text of 1,082 publications were included in the review.
I produced a quantitative synthesis of the studies’ characteristics and a qualitative synthesis of the substance of their assessment arguments. The quantitative synthesis identifies the extent, range, and nature of the literature about research education and the doctorate in art and design. The qualitative synthesis appraises the inferences and assumptions that underpin the doctoral assessment arguments for arts, design, and practice doctorates. I conclude doctoral studies based on art and design works, or art and design practice, shift the focus from the public discourse and shared discourse of the research tradition to the private studio concerns of personal artistic and designerly development. The study contributes a new understanding of the idea of the doctorate in art and design as an argument that bridges claims about the scoring, generalisation, extrapolation, and implications of doctoral assessment
Data Design: Visualising Quantities, Locations, Connections
No full textBook Review: Data Design: Visualising Quantities, Locations, Connections By Per Mollerup (London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2015) ISBN 9781408191873Peer reviewe
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