1,720,980 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Efficacy, Tolerability, and Retention of Antiseizure Medications in PRRT2-Associated Infantile Epilepsy
No full textBackground and Objectives Pathogenic variants in PRRT2, encoding for the proline-rich transmembrane protein 2, were identified as the main cause of self-limiting sporadic and familial infantile epilepsy. Reported data on treatment response to antiseizure medications (ASMs) in defined monogenic epilepsies are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment response of ASMs in children with monogenic PRRT2-associated infantile epilepsy.
Methods A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology criteria. Inclusion criteria were occurrence of infantile seizures and genetic diagnosis of likely pathogenic/pathogenic PRRT2 variants.
Results Treatment response data from 52 individuals with PRRT2-associated infantile epilepsy with a total of 79 treatments (defined as each use of an ASM in an individual) were analyzed. Ninety-six percent (50/52) of all individuals received ASMs. Levetiracetam (LEV), oxcarbazepine (OXC), valproate (VPA), and phenobarbital (PB) were most frequently administered. Sodium channel blockers were used in 22 individuals and resulted in seizure freedom in all but 1 child, who showed a reduction of more than 50% in seizure frequency. By contrast, treatment with LEV was associated with worsening of seizure activity in 2/25 (8%) treatments and no effect in 10/25 (40%) of treatments. LEV was rated significantly less effective also compared with VPA and PB. The retention rate for LEV was significantly lower compared with all aforementioned ASMs. No severe adverse events were reported, and no discontinuation of treatment was reported because of side effects.
Discussion In conclusion, a favorable effect of most ASMs, especially sodium channel blockers such as carbamezepine and OXC, was observed, whereas the efficacy and the retention rate of LEV was lower in PRRT2-associated childhood epilepsy. Tolerability in these young children was good for all ASMs reported in the cohort.
Classification of Evidence This study provides Class IV evidence that in individuals with PRRT2-associated infantile epilepsy, sodium channel blockers are associated with reduced seizure frequency but levetiracetam is not
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Impairment of respiratory capacity and control of isolated mitochondria during the development of hypertrophy in rat heart
No full textHintergrund: Eine chronische Erhöhung der myokardialen Nachlast führt zu einer Hypertrophie und geht mit einem vermehrten Bedarf an ATP, welches in der Atmungskette generiert wird, einher. Wir stellten die Hypothese auf, dass im Zuge der Hypertrophie die maximale respiratorische Kapazität isolierter Mitochondrien aus Rattenherzen zunimmt. Material und Methoden: In männlichen Sprague Dawley Ratten von 50-80g Körpergewicht wurde durch Zügelung des Aortenbogens eine chronische Nachlasterhöhung induziert. Subsarkolemmale (SSM) und interfibrilläre (IFM) Mitochondrien wurden zwei, sechs und zehn Wochen nach Zügelung mittels differentieller Zentrifugation isoliert. Mit Glutamat bzw. Succinat als Substrat wurde der maximale ADP-stimulierte O2-Verbrauch (State 3-Atmung) gemessen und die Atmung nach ADP- Verbrauch (state 4) sowie der ADP/O- Quotient und der Respiratorische Kontrollindex (RCI) (state3/state4) mittels Clark-Elektrode ermittelt. Die Citratsynthase (CS) wurde als mitochondriales Markerenzym verwendet und der Quotient aus latenter und freier CS-Aktivität (CSR) als Marker für mitochondriale Integrität bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Chronische Erhöhung der Nachlast führte zu einer signifikanten Hypertrophie (Ventrikel- zu Körpergewicht 2,28 ± 0,08 in Kontrollgruppe vs. nach 2 Wochen 5,63 ± 0,36 und nach 6 Wochen 5,02 ± 0,46 g/kg; p < 0,01). Die Gesamtausbeute an SSM und IFM aus den Homogenaten blieb gleich in den hypertrophen Herzen (38,31 ± 0,9%). Die Gesamt-Citratsynthase- Aktivität war nach Zügelung nicht unterschiedlich zur Kontrollgruppe. Der CSR blieb nach Zügelung unverändert. Die state 3-Atmung betrug in der Kontrollgruppe 212,8 nAtomeO/CS-latent bei IFM und 172,5 nAtomeO/CS-latent bei SSM. Die state 3-Atmung beider Subpopulationen nahm mit zunehmender Zeit nach Zügelung ab. 10 Wochen nach Zügelung waren die IFM in ihrer state 3-Atmung am stärksten eingeschränkt (61,8 ± 7,3 nAtomeO/CS-latent; p < 0,05). Die state 4- Atmung lag bei Succinat- Messungen generell höher als bei vergleichbaren Glutamat- Messungen. Die state 4-Atmung blieb durch Zügelung unbeeinflusst. Der RCI war nach 10 Wochen z.T. signifikant reduziert (IFM: 8,23 ± 1,38 vs. 4,99 ± 0,96; p < 0,05). Der ADP/O- Quotient war nach 2 Wochen reduziert (1,74 ± 0,44 vs. 0,87 ± 0,05; p < 0,01), sonst aber unverändert. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine durch chronische Nachlasterhöhung hervorgerufene Hypertrophie geht wider Erwarten mit einer kontinuierlichen Abnahme der maximalen respiratorischen Aktivität (state 3- Atmung) und Kontrolle isolierter Herzmitochondrien und dabei vor allem der IFM einher. Darüber hinaus kommt es zu einer zwischenzeitlichen Reduzierung der Kopplung von Elektronenfluss und ATP- Synthese (ADP/O- Quotient) in der Atmungskette. Die Reduzierung der respiratorischen Aktivität stellt möglicherweise eine Ursache für das Auftreten einer späteren Herzinsuffizienz dar.Background: Chronic increases in myocardial afterload (e.g., through aortic banding or during arterial hypertension) results in myocardial hypertrophy and increased energy demand (i.e., increased need for ATP production).
Hypothesis: During the development of hypertrophy, respiratory capacity of isolated mitochondria increases to match energy demand.
Methods:
Hypertrophy was induced by banding of the aortic arch in male Sprague Dawley rats (50-80g)
Differential isolation of subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM) mitochondria 2, 6 and 10 weeks after banding
Citrate synthase activity was used as mitochondrial marker enzyme
Glutamate and succinate were used as respiratory substrates
Maximal respiratory capacity (State 3), respiratory control index and ADP/O ratio measured using a Clark-type electrode
Conclusion: The development of hypertrophy is not associated with an increase in maximal respiratory capacity, but instead with a continous impairment in maximal ATP producing capacity, which may contribute to the onset of heart failure
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