177,878 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Using a 3-d model system to screen for drugs effective on solid tumors
No full textThere is a large medical need for the development of effective anticancer agents with minimal side effects. The present thesis represents an attempt to identify potent drugs for treatment of solid tumors. We used a strategy where 3-D multicellular tumor spheroids (cancer cells grown in three dimensional culture) were utilized as in vitro models for solid tumors. Drug libraries were screened using spheroids as targets and using apoptosis induction and loss of cell viability as endpoints. The hanging drop method for production of spheroids was modified to allow spheroid generation in the 96-well format. Initial studies showed that the screening of multicellular spheroids resulted in the identification of different hit compounds compared to screening of monolayer cultures. Interestingly, we found that spheroid screening enriched for hydrophobic compounds (XlogP >4), a finding of considerable interest for chemical library design and lead optimization in the field of anticancer drug development.An approach based on the analysis of drug-induced gene profiles was used to unravel the mechanism of action of hits identified in the screen. The proposed mechanisms of action were subsequently confirmed by specific in vitro assays.The generation of a caspase-cleaved product of cytokeratin 18 was used to determine apoptosis of carcinoma cells in spheroids. The same method could be used as a plasma biomarker to evaluate whether candidate compounds induced apoptosis in xenograft tumor models. The antibodies used in the assay recognize human but not mouse cytokeratin 18 – an advantage when xenograft models are used since tumor apoptosis can be specifically measured in blood samples.The screening work resulted in the identification of a novel topoisomerase inhibitor (thaspine), a novel iron chelator (CB21) and a number of microtubuli inhibitors.- Thaspine (an alkaloid from Croton lechleri) was identified in both monolayer and spheroid screening experiments. Thaspine was found to inhibit both topoisomerase I and II. Interestingly, thaspine was effective on cell lines overexpressing drug efflux transporters and showed in vivo activity.- CB21 was of particular interest, since it was toxic to the hypoxic quiescent cell population in spheroid cores which are known to be resistant to many chemotherapeutical drugs. The compound was not toxic to quiescent immortalized cells. CB21 was shown to be a very potent iron chelator. The compound induced marked induction of autophagy both in the outer and inner layers of spheroids. Interestingly, CB21 increased glucose uptake and reduced cellular oxygen consumption. The cytotoxicity of the compound was found to be increased during low glucose conditions, known to occur in the cores of spheroids. The compound showed a significant inhibitory effect in tumor xengrafts.- A number of novel microtubuli inhibitors were identified in the spheroid screen. This result was unexpected since such compounds are expected to be preferentially active on dividing cells.We conclude that drug screening using multicellular spheroids is a promising approach for anticancer drug discovery. A number of novel compounds were identified by screening, and some may be possible to develop for clinical use.List of scientific papersI. Herrmann R, Fayad W, Schwarz S, Berndtsson M, Linder S. Screening for compounds that induce apoptosis of cancer cells grown as multicellular spheroids. J Biomol Screen. 13, 1-8, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087057107310442 II. Olofsson MH, Cummings J, Fayad W, Brnjic S, Herrmann R, Berndtsson M, Hodgkinson C, Dean E, Odedra R, Wilkinson RW, Mundt KE, Busk M, Dive C, Linder S. Specific demonstration of drug-induced tumour cell apoptosis in human xenografts models using a plasma biomarker. Cancer Biomarkers. 5, 117-125, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/CBM-2009-0597 III. Fayad W, Brnjic S, Berglind D, Blixt S, Shoshan MC, Berndtsson M, Olofsson MH, Linder S. Restriction of cisplatin induction of acute apoptosis to a subpopulation of cells in a three-dimensional carcinoma culture model. Int J Cancer. 125, 2450-2455, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24627 IV. Fayad W, Fryknäs M, Brnjic S, Olofsson MH, Larsson R, Linder S. Identification of a novel topoisomerase inhibitor effective in cells overexpressing drug efflux transporters. PLoS ONE. 4: e7238, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007238 V. Fayad W, Rickardson L, Haglund C, Olofsson MH, DʼArcy P, Larsson R, Linder S, Fryknäs M. Identification of agents that induce apoptosis of multicellular tumour spheroids: enrichment for mitotic inhibitors with hydrophobic properties. [Submitted]VI. Hernlund E, Fryknäs M, Fayad W, De Milito A, Olofsson MH, Gogvadze V, Rickardson L, DʼArcy P, Larsson R, Linder S. Chelation of intracellular iron as a therapeutic strategy for solid tumours. [Manuscript]</p
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Numerical solution of thermally induced density currents in circular central feed settling tanks - by Fayad R. Jabara
No full textThesis (M.E.)-- American University of Beirut. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1991.Bibliography: leaves 128-132.Advisor: George Ayoub, Professor, Civil Engineering -- Members of Committee: Fadl Moukalled, Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Habib Basha, Instructor, Electrical and Computer Engineering
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
Semisimplicity of \'etale cohomology of certain Shimura varieties
No full textBuilding on work of Fayad and Nekov\'{a}\v{r}, we show that a certain part of
the etale cohomology of some abelian-type Shimura varieties is semisimple,
assuming the associated automorphic Galois representations exists, and
satisfies some good properties. The proof combines an abstract semisimplicity
criterion of Fayad-Nekov\'{a}\v{r} with the Eichler-Shimura relations
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