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Ensaios sobre a agroindústria no Brasil : uma análise para o período de 2006 a 2016
Get PDFOrientador: Prof. Dr. Alexandre Florindo Alves.Tese (Doutorado em Economia) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2019RESUMO: Esta tese tem por objetivo realizar, por meio de três ensaios, uma análise sobre a agroindústria
brasileira no período de 2006 a 2016. A questão que norteia o trabalho é avaliar a estrutura
industrial da agroindústria e como este segmento da indústria de transformação impacta na
geração de emprego nas regiões as quais está instalada. Para tanto, realiza-se uma análise dos
aspectos locacionais da agroindústria com enfoque na estrutura produtiva regional e na
avaliação de política pública por meio dos desembolsos do BNDES (Banco Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social). O primeiro ensaio analisa os fatores que determinam o
crescimento dos estabelecimentos da agroindústria, a saber, custo de mão de obra, demanda de
mercado, insumos, mão de obra disponível e especialização do setor. Para essa análise, foi
realizado um procedimento em três etapas: i) realização da Análise Exploratória de Dados
Espaciais (AEDE), que identificou a dependência espacial na variável crescimento dos
estabelecimentos da agroindústria de 2006 a 2016; ii) estimação do modelo SAR (Espacial
Autorregressivo), o qual, por meio de uma análise espacial global, identificou os fatores que
contribuem para o crescimento dos estabelecimentos da agroindústria, e iii) estimação do
modelo RPG (Regressões Ponderadas Geograficamente), que permitiu realizar um diagnóstico
local e verificar como cada variável impacta nas regiões que foram estatisticamente
significativas. Os resultados apontam a importância das variáveis PIB per capita, trabalhadores
com ensino médio, quociente locacional da agropecuária e valor da produção agropecuária, que
apresentaram efeitos locais sobre o crescimento dos estabelecimentos da agroindústria nas
regiões Norte e Nordeste do país, regiões que, ao longo do período, apresentaram crescimento
representativo em suas estruturas produtivas agroindustriais. O segundo ensaio analisa, por
meio das economias de aglomeração, como a estrutura produtiva local impacta o nível de
emprego da agroindústria. Para tanto, utilizaram-se como ferramentas econométricas a Análise
Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e a análise de dados em painel espacial considerando
o período de 2006 a 2016. Os resultados indicam que as externalidades locais de especialização
impactam positivamente no nível de emprego da agroindústria e que o nível de emprego na
agroindústria das regiões vizinhas também é relevante para o crescimento do emprego local.
Por fim, o propósito do terceiro ensaio consiste em realizar uma análise de avaliação de política
pública para verificar o impacto dos financiamentos direcionados para as atividades ligadas à
agroindústria na geração de emprego nos anos de 2009 e 2010, período marcado pela política
anticíclica adotada pelo governo para conter os impactos da crise internacional deflagrada em
2008. Utilizou-se os métodos de pareamento Propensity Score Matching (PSM) e diferençasem-diferenças (DID) para verificar os efeitos dessa política. Os resultados encontrados no
estudo evidenciaram que os desembolsos do BNDES contribuíram para a geração de emprego
na agroindústria nas empresas que receberam financiamento no período da política. Em suma,
pode-se evidenciar, por meio desta tese, que a agroindústria desempenha papel importante na
geração de emprego e na renda nas diversas regiões do país e que a estrutura produtiva local,
em especial, a especializada e as políticas públicas de concessão de crédito, via BNDES,
contribuíram, para a geração de emprego nesse segmento produtivo ao longo do período
analisado.ABSTRACT: This thesis aims to carry out, through three trials, an analysis of the Brazilian agribusiness
between 2006 and 2016. The question that guides the work is to evaluate the industrial structure
of the agroindustry and how this segment of the transformation industry impacts the generation
in the regions where it is located. To do so, an analysis of the locational aspects of agroindustry
is carried out focusing on the regional productive structure and the evaluation of public policy
through the BNDES (National Bank for Economic and Social Development) disbursements.
The first essay analyzes the factors that determine the growth of agribusiness establishments,
namely labor cost, market demand, inputs, available labor, and industry specialization. For this
analysis, a procedure was performed in three stages: i) Exploration of Spatial Data Analysis
(AEDE), which identified spatial dependence in the variable growth of agroindustry
establishments from 2006 to 2016; ii) estimation of the SAR model, which, through a global
spatial analysis, identified the factors that contribute to the growth of agroindustry
establishments, and iii) estimation of the RPG model (Geographically Weighted Regressions),
which allowed to carry out a local diagnosis and to verify how each variable affects the regions
that were statistically significant. The results show the importance of the variables GDP per
capita, workers with secondary education, locational quotient of agriculture and livestock
production, which had local effects on the growth of agribusiness establishments in the North
and Northeast regions of the country. of the period, presented representative growth in their
agroindustrial productive structures. The second essay analyzes, through agglomeration
economies, how the local productive structure impacts the level of employment of the
agroindustry. For that, the Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data Analysis (AEDE) and the
analysis of data in space panel considering the period from 2006 to 2016 were used as
econometric tools. The results indicate that the local externalities of specialization have a
positive impact on the level of employment of the agroindustry and that the level of employment
in the agro-industry of the neighboring regions is also relevant for the growth of local
employment. Finally, the purpose of the third essay is to carry out a public policy evaluation
analysis to verify the impact of the financing directed to activities related to the agroindustry in
the generation of employment in the years 2009 and 2010, a period marked by the anticyclical
policy adopted by the government to contain the impacts of the international crisis triggered in
2008. We used the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Differences-in-Differences (DID)
matching methods to verify the effects of this policy. The results found in the study showed
that BNDES disbursements contributed to the generation of employment in the agroindustry in
companies that received funding during the policy period. In summary, it can be evidenced,
through this thesis, that agroindustry plays an important role in the generation of employment
and income in the different regions of the country and that the local productive structure,
especially the specialized production and the public policies of concession through the BNDES,
contributed to the generation of employment in this productive segment over the period
analyzed.191 f. : il
Effect of BNDES credit on agroindustrial employment generation in Brazil
Get PDFArtigo publicado em: Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural, Brasília, v. 60, n. 4, p. 1-26, jul. 2021.Bibliografia: p. 23-26 e notas de rodapéDisponível também em: https://www.scielo.br/j/resr/a/6d58wVZnt9ps78hTGRXBBvN/?lang=pt"Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado."In Brazil, public credit plays an important role in supporting companies, especially those belonging to the industrial sector. In this regard, this study aims at carrying out an assessment of the impact of disbursements by Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) on job creation in Brazilian agroindustry. For this purpose, the microdata of the Annual Listing of Employees and Salaries (RAIS) and the BNDES were used at the company scope. The econometrics techniques used were the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Differences-in-Differences (DID). The period before and after expansion of BNDES disbursements was taken as a reference, due to the countercyclical policy adopted by the government in 2009 to contain the impacts of the international crisis triggered in 2008. The results found indicate that, for the sample under analysis, companies financed between 2009 and 2010, the impact on employment growth was statistically significant and revealed that the companies that received credit from BNDES had different dynamics in terms of job creation. These results show that the expansion of the BNDES disbursement policy was an important instrument on job creation in companies belonging to the agroindustry.No Brasil, o crédito público tem papel relevante no apoio às empresas, em especial àquelas pertencentes ao setor industrial. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma avaliação do impacto dos desembolsos do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) na geração de empregos na agroindústria brasileira. Para tanto, utilizaram-se microdados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) e do BNDES no âmbito empresarial. As técnicas econométricas empregadas foram Propensity Score Matching (PSM) e Diferenças em Diferenças (DID). Foram tomados como referência os períodos pré e pós-expansão dos desembolsos do BNDES, em virtude da política anticíclica adotada pelo governo em 2009, para conter os impactos da crise internacional deflagrada em 2008. Os resultados encontrados apontam que, para a amostra em análise, empresas financiadas entre 2009 e 2010, o impacto no crescimento do emprego foi estatisticamente significativo e as empresas que receberam crédito do BNDES apresentaram dinâmica diferenciada em termos de geração de emprego. Tais resultados evidenciam que a ampliação da política de desembolsos do BNDES consistiu em um instrumento importante sobre a geração de emprego em empresas pertencentes à agroindústria
Efeito do crédito do BNDES para a geração de empregos agroindustriais no Brasil
Get PDFIn Brazil, public credit plays an important role in supporting companies, especially those belonging to the industrial sector. In this regard, this study aims at carrying out an assessment of the impact of disbursements by Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) on job creation in Brazilian agroindustry. For this purpose, the microdata of the Annual Listing of Employees and Salaries (RAIS) and the BNDES were used at the company scope. The econometrics techniques used were the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Differences-in-Differences (DID). The period before and after expansion of BNDES disbursements was taken as a reference, due to the countercyclical policy adopted by the government in 2009 to contain the impacts of the international crisis triggered in 2008. The results found indicate that, for the sample under analysis, companies financed between 2009 and 2010, the impact on employment growth was statistically significant and revealed that the companies that received credit from BNDES had different dynamics in terms of job creation. These results show that the expansion of the BNDES disbursement policy was an important instrument on job creation in companies belonging to the agroindustr
Efeitos locais dos determinantes do crescimento da agroindústria no Brasil
No full textEste estudo tem por objetivo analisar o crescimento da agroindústria no Brasil no período de 2006 a 2016. Para tanto utilizou-se a Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e a Regressão Ponderada Geograficamente (RPG). A AEDE indicou a existência de autocorrelação espacial positiva no crescimento dos estabelecimentos da agroindústria, já os resultados da RPG, que estima os efeitos locais do modelo em questão, evidenciaram o efeito local das variáveis PIB per capita, quociente locacional da agropecuária, valor adicionado da agropecuária, área da microrregião e percentual de funcionários com nível de ensino médio nas microrregiões das regiões Norte e Nordeste do país, regiões que apresentaram as maiores taxas de crescimento no período e contribuíram significativamente com o crescimento da agroindústria
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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