1,721,142 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Variability amongst the Bell Beakers ceramics in northwestern part of France
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Qui sont les potiers campaniformes ? Quels sont leurs réseaux ?
No full textInternational audienceThe development of paleogenomics as brought the question of population movements in the third millennium BC back to the center of the debate (Haak et al., 2015; Olalde et al., 2018). A population movement from the east to the west of Europe is identified thanks to this discipline, mainly by the signature of a steppe component of variable proportion in the genetics structures of the populations within the Corded ware and Bell Beaker complex. The demonstration of populations movements had however already been envisaged before, in much smaller proportions and under very specific conditions. Several authors have assumed that individuals,especially craftsmen, moved from the Iberian Peninsula to France (Salanova, 2000; Lemercier, 2004).In light to the latest discoveries, it is appropriate to discuss the situation for northwestern France. Paleogenomics data are scarce, but it is possible to touch on humans in some cases, especially, when it comes to craftsmen such as potters. Several approaches are possible to identify groups of potters, some are very concrete, others more theoretical. The tools used by the potters constitute a first level of analysis, they show a certain diversity, rarely underlined. Ceramic technology allows us to determine the relationship between vessels productions, whether Bell Beakers or not. Eventually, the chronological and spatial framework of the Bell Beaker phenomenon set some limits to the theoretical models considered. The combination of these approaches shows that long-distance movement of craftsmen, especially potters, remains fully relevant. It is even possible to develop certain models for northwestern France. However, these movements of individuals are not detected by paleogenomics today, or at least, they go against current observations since they assume movements of individuals from the Iberian Peninsula to Central Europe. It seems possible that there is a problem of overlap between archaeological and paleogenomic data, but this contrast will require further analysis to definitively resolve the issue.Le développement de la paléogénomique a replacé au centre des débats la question des mouvements de populations au troisième millénaire avant notre ère. On identifie grâce à cette discipline un mouvement de population de l'est vers l'ouest de l'Europe, principalement par la signature d'une composante steppique de proportion variable dans la structure génétique des populations des complexes du Cordé et du Campaniforme. Des mouvements de populations pour le Campaniforme avaient cependant déjà été envisagés auparavant, dans des proportions bien moindres et sous des conditions très spécifiques. Plusieurs auteurs avaient ainsi supposé des déplacements d'individus, notamment d'artisans, de la péninsule Ibérique vers la France (Salanova, 2000 ; Lemercier, 2004b). À l'aune des dernières découvertes, il convient désormais de discuter la situation pour le nord-ouest de la France. Les données paléogénomiques sont rares, mais, dans certains cas, il est possible de toucher l'humain, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit d'artisans comme les potiers ou potières. Plusieurs approches sont possibles pour identifier des groupes de potiers, certaines sont très concrètes, d'autres plus théoriques. La technologie céramique permet de déterminer les relations entre les productions céramiques, qu'elles soient campaniformes ou non. Tandis que le cadre typochronologique et spatial de la céramique campaniforme vient fixer quelques limites aux modèles théoriques envisagés. Il ressort du cumul de ces approches que des déplacements d'artisans sur de longues distances, notamment de potiers ou potières, restent pleinement d'actualité, et qu'il est même possible d'approfondir certains modèles pour le nord-ouest de la France. Cependant, ces déplacements d'individus ne sont pas détectés par la paléogénomique aujourd'hui. Du moins, ils vont à rebours des observations actuelles puisqu'ils supposent des mouvements d'individus de la péninsule Ibérique vers l'Europe centrale. Il semble possible d'envisager un problème de recouvrement des données archéologiques et paléogénomiques, mais ce contraste nécessitera des analyses plus approfondies pour trancher définitivement la question. Mots-clés : Campaniforme, Néolithique final, technologie céramique, typologie, habileté technique, chaîne opératoire, potier, potière, diffusion, migration
A typo chronological model based upon pottery for the Bell beaker phenomenon in the northwestern part of France
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Degrees of investment in Bell Beaker Ceramics from North-West France
No full textInternational audienceThis work aims to discuss the notion of investment in Bell Beaker ceramic production. It is trivial to point out that traditional typological models imperfectly reflect the whole complexity of a ceramic assemblage. We assume that vessels of the same shape, decoration and decoration technique belong to the same style, but sometimes sharp differences in colour, firing technology, surface treatment, type of fabric or even building technique occur. Conversely, some vessels diverge only in decoration motif, all other criteria for comparison being absolutely identical. Yet in the end they still belong to different styles. Copies, or vessels made by apprentices, could help to explain these differences, but one can also question the validity of traditional typological schemes: can one place a “standard“ Bell Beaker and its copy(s) in the same group just because the shape or decoration is similar? Therefore, another grid of analysis is needed to account for these similarities, since they are often hidden by the shallowest typological parameters.Our methodology relies on comparative studies based upon ceramics related to the Bell Beaker phenomenon in northwestern France . All vessels are examined under different parameters related to each stage of the chaine opératoire, such as surface treatment or decoration technique. For each parameter we gave a grade corresponding to the aptitude or the investment shown by the potters. In the end comparisons rely on the overall grade of the vessels as well as a specific parameter under scrutiny. We will then discuss the difference of investment observed within and between the pre-existing styles to see what kind of information this approach provides
Technological study of Late Neolithic ceramic assemblages from northwestern France : the place of local cultures and the impact of Bell Beakers on the Atlantic coast in the third millennium BCE
No full textL’apparition du Campaniforme au milieu du troisième millénaire avant notre ère marque un tournant majeur pour les sociétés du nord-ouest de la France, comme dans beaucoup d’autres endroits d’Europe ou du Maghreb. Les gobelets en céramique fine soigneusement décorés en constituent le meilleur marqueur sur les sites archéologiques, même si d’autres objets leurs sont souvent associés, en particulier dans les tombes (parures en matériaux divers, poignards en cuivre, pointes de flèches). L’introduction de ces objets, des techniques et des pratiques qui leurs sont liées pose nécessairement question, d’autant que le phénomène va couvrir un vaste territoire en un laps de temps inférieur à deux siècles en conservant une certaine homogénéité. De très nombreuses théories ont ainsi été échafaudées pour rendre compte de cette situation, qu’il s’agisse de migrations, d’échanges à longue distance, de l’essor de nouvelles croyances, ou encore de prospecteurs à la recherche de gîtes métallifères. L’origine de ce phénomène a longtemps posé question et serait à placer en Péninsule ibérique. Le Nord-ouest de la France est une des régions les mieux documentées d’Europe concernant le Campaniforme, mais n’a pas fait l’objet d’une synthèse dédiée depuis plus de soixante ans. Cela est devenu critique depuis l’essor de l’archéologie préventive, qui a largement renouvelé la documentation disponible. Il est crucial de combler cette lacune et de faire plus particulièrement le point sur la production céramique en lien avec le Campaniforme. Il s’agit du matériau le plus fréquent et le mieux contextualisé, donc le plus à même de nous faire avancer sur la définition du Campaniforme. Nous avons réalisé une base de données intégrant les sites, les contextes de découvertes du mobilier, les datations radiocarbones et la céramique pour faire le point sur la question du Campaniforme dans le Nord-ouest de la France. Les corpus céramiques des sites de référence ont fait l’objet d’analyses typo-technologiques pour déterminer les chaînes opératoires de fabrication des vases campaniformes. L’ensemble de ces données ont ensuite été croisées à de multiples analyses statistiques (AFC, ACP, ACM, sériations etc.) pour comparer les différentes productions campaniformes de notre zone d’étude à travers le temps et l’espace. Ces recherches permettent, sur la base de la céramique, de poser un nouveau cadre chronologique, spatial et stylistique pour le Campaniforme dans le Nord-ouest de la France. Elles permettent aussi de discuter de la signification même du Campaniforme et des relations qu’il entretient avec ensembles culturels antérieurs, postérieurs et contemporains. Il est essentiel de combler cette lacune et de se concentrer sur la production de céramique liée au Campaniforme.The appearance of the Bell Beaker in the middle of the third millennium BC marks a major turning point for the societies of north-western France, as in many other parts in Europe or the Maghreb. Thin and carefully decorated beakers constitute the best evidence on archaeological site, although others objects are often associated with them, especially in grave (paraphernalia made of various materials, copper daggers, arrowheads). The introduction of these objects and the techniques and practices related with them necessarily raises questions, especially as the phenomenon covered a vast territory in a period of less than two centuries while preserving a certain homogeneity. Numerous theories have been developed to account for this situation, including migrations, long-distance exchanges, the development of new belief systems, and prospectors looking for metal ore deposits. The origin of this phenomenon has long been questioned and is thought to originate in the Iberian Peninsula. The north-west of France is one of the best known areas in Europe regarding the Bell Beaker phenomenon, but has not been the subject of a dedicated synthesis for more than sixty years. It has become critical since the rise of development-led archaeology, which has largely revamped the available data. It is crucial to fill this gap and to focus on the ceramic production related to the Bell Beaker. This is the most widespread and best contextualised material, therefore the most likely to help us to make progress on the definition of the Bell Beaker phenomenon. We have compiled a database integrating sites, the discovery contexts of the material, radiocarbon dating and the ceramics in order to take stock of the Bell Beaker question in north-west France. The ceramics assemblage’s from reference sites were subjected to typo-technological analysis to determine the manufacturing chaînes opératoires of Bell Beaker vessels. All of this data was then combined with multiple statistical analyses (CA, PCA, MCA, seriation, etc.) to compare the different Bell Beaker productions in our study area across time and space. This research allows, on the basis of the ceramics, to establish a new chronological, spatial and stylistic framework for the Bell Beaker in northwestern France. It also allows us to discuss the significance of the Bell Beaker and its relationship with earlier, later and contemporary cultural complexes. It is crucial to fill this gap and to focus on the ceramic production related to the Bell Beaker
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