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Metodi di analisi del rischio biologico in impianti di compostaggio con riferimento ai patogeni nel compost e loro presenza nel prodotto finito
No full text
Risk for renal failure in nephrolithiasis.
No full textEvaluation of the risk for developing renal insufficiency is generally not considered during the clinical metabolic workup of the stone-forming patient. This review approaches the problem of the severity of nephrolithiasis by addressing the renal risk. Although renal stones are an infrequent cause of renal failure, some lithiasic forms present a greater risk, such as in hereditary stone diseases (eg, cystinuria, primary hyperoxaluria, Dent's disease), primary struvite stones, and infection-related urolithiasis associated with anatomic and functional urinary tract anomalies and spinal cord injury. Recurrent bouts of obstruction and/or crystal-specific biological effects on tubular epithelial cells and interstitial renal cells may activate the fibrogenic cascade responsible for the loss of renal parenchyma. In clinical terms, frequent stone relapses, episodes of urinary tract infection and obstruction, number of urological interventions, and size of the gravel are all significantly associated with the risk for renal failure. Percutaneous and extracorporeal urological methods for the treatment of renal stones may also lead to some chronic deterioration of renal function, particularly in recurrent stone formers treated with multiple therapeutic sessions. Although still speculative, concerns exist about the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on small or pathological kidneys. Without doubt, the medical prevention of stones would be more sensible
Structural gradients and brittle‐ductile behavior during high‐temperature solid‐state deformation in Lake Edison granodiorite (Sierra Nevada, California)
No full textIn the Bear Creek area (Sierra Nevada, California), the high temperature post-magmatic deformation
structures of the Lake Edison granodiorite (Kle; 88 Ma old), developed during pluton cooling,
include steeply dipping orthogneiss foliations, joints (fractures with no shear offset) and plastic
shear zones. A weak orthogneiss foliation and SC fabric are present and intensifies towards the contact
with the younger Mono Creek granite (Kmc; 86 Ma) within the dextral Rosy Finch Shear Zone
(RFSZ)(Tikoff and de Saint Blanquat, 1997), a major kilometer-wide deformation zone crosscutting
the pluton contacts. Joints form a dominant (or exclusive) steeply dipping set oriented E-W to ENEWSW
over most of the pluton. Plastic shear zones exploited the precursory joints (Fig. 1a) and leucocratic
dykes (Fig. 1b), which is recognized to be a general process of shear zone nucleation (Pennacchioni
and Mancktelow, 2007). Segmentation of joints and of overprinting shear zones resulted in high displacement gradients
towards the shear zone tips that are accommodated by development of foliated domains and wing
cracks, filled with quartz, at the opposite contractional and extensional sides, respectively. Quartz
veins also discontinuously decorate the shear zone planes and are almost invariably sheared and
recrystallized. The synkinematic assemblage in granodiorite mylonites along the shear zones, and
the lattice preferred orientation of recrystallized quartz (showing a strong Y maximum of c-axis)
indicate deformation temperatures ≥ 500°C. The high temperature structures, where in turn exploited
at lower temperature (about 300°C) by cataclastic faults associated with localized precipitation
of greenschist facies mineral assemblages (quartz, chlorite, epidote). This deformation sequence
is almost identical to that recognized in the Adamello pluton (Southern Alps,
Italy)(Pennacchioni et al., 2006).
The distribution of the structures across the Kle pluton is heterogeneous. We present detailed
surface maps representative of the structural assemblage at different distances to the contact with
the Kmc, along the natural transect of the Bear Creek East Fork valley, that crosscut the RFSZ. The
structural profile shows the appearence of a conjugate set of shear zones and joints, discontinuolusly
decorated by leucochratic dykes, in the granodiorites, well within the RFSZ and close to
the contact with the Kmc (Fig. 2). The two sets strike E-W to ENE-WSW (left-handed shear zones
and joints corresponding to the set dominant over most of the pluton) and NNE-SSW (right-handed shear zones and subparallel joints). The two sets of shear zones and joints show mutual overprinting
relationships (though the E-W set more commonly overprints the other set), suggesting that their
development was coeval. The overall structural association is consistent with a regional shortening
direction oriented about NW-SE, bisecting the acute angle of the conjugate set and orthogonal to
the orthogneiss foliation within the RFSZ. This interpretation simplifies the reconstruction of the
stress field during deformation. In fact, the assumption that joints developed orthogonal to σ3 would
imply complex and unrealistic rotations of the stress field to account for conjugate arrangement of
joints and their subsequent shear reactivation.
References
Pennacchioni, G., Di Toro, G., Brack, P., Menegon, L., Villa, I.M., 2006. Brittle-ductile-brittle deformation
during cooling of tonalite (Adamello,Southern Italian Alps). Tectonophysics 427,
171-197.
Pennacchioni, G., Mancktelow, N.S., 2007. Nucleation and initial growth of a shear zone network
within compositionally and structurally heterogeneous granitoids under amphibolite facies conditions.
Journal of Structural Geology 29, 1757-1780.
Tikoff, B., Saint Blanquat, M., 1997. Transpressional shearing and strike-slip partitioning in the
Late Cretaceous Sierra Nevada magmatic arc, California. Tectonics 16, 442-459
Conditional formulae for Gibbs-type exchangeable random partitions
No full textGibbs–type random probability measures and the exchangeable
random partitions they induce represent an important framework
both from a theoretical and applied point of view. In the present
paper, motivated by species sampling problems, we investigate some
properties concerning the conditional distribution of the number of
blocks with a certain frequency generated by Gibbs–type random partitions. The general results are then specialized to three noteworthy examples yielding completely explicit expressions of their distributions, moments and asymptotic behaviours. Such expressions can be interpreted as Bayesian nonparametric estimators of the rare species variety and their performance is tested on some real genomic data
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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