117,309 research outputs found
Bronchiectasie: attuali problematiche cliniche e nuove metodiche diagnostiche di imaging.
No full textExtension of objectification theory into the realm of body dysmorphic disorder
No full textBackground: According to objectification theory, repeated experiences of sexual objectification, illustrated by the portrayal of body in the visual media lead viewers to self–objectify or to adopt a view of themselves as objects whose value is based on physical appearance. Self-objectification is manifested as habitual body surveillance and leads to body shame, which is related to the etiology of eating disorders (ED). Although dysmorphic appearance concern (DAC) is the hallmark of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), several studies found that individuals with ED and BDD exhibit comparable DAC and highlighted how both disorders are variants of a body image disorder. If this is the case, factors that influence the development of ED should also influence the development of BDD. This study investigated whether objectification theory could be used to explain the etiology of BDD in both genders. Methods: A sample of 113 men and 119 women (Mage = 20.60) completed self-report questionnaires.
Findings: Women obtained medium scores significantly higher in every variable, with the exception of DAC (both genders were similar). Exposure to objectifying media leads to body surveillance which in turn leads to body shame, that is related to the etiology of BDD in women. Path analyses indicated similar results for men and gender issues were found only in body surveillance if considered as mediator variables.
Discussion: The similar levels of DAC may reflect the relatively equal rates of BDD among the genders. In conclusion, it is possible to admit that the objectification theory provides a useful framework for examining BD
Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorder Symptomatology: A Latent Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of Moderating Variables in 18-to-28-Year-Old Males
No full textAlthough body dissatisfaction is recognized as the strongest risk factor for eating disturbances, a majority of young males are body dissatisfied, but do not concomitantly report severe levels of eating disorder symptomatology. The present investigation was designed to examine five theoretically relevant variables (i.e., body checking, emotional dysregulation, perfectionism, insecure-anxious attachment, and self-esteem) as potential moderators of the relationship between body dissatisfaction and two critical components of male eating disorder symptomatology: drive for muscularity and bulimic behaviors. Data collected from 551 Italian males between 18 and 28 years old were analyzed using latent structural equation modeling. The authors found that emotional dysregulation, body checking, insecure-anxious attachment and perfectionism intensified the relationship between body dissatisfaction and each criterion variable representing male eating disorder symptomatology; the interactions accounted respectively for an additional 2%, 7%, 4% and 5% of variance in drive for muscularity and for an additional 6%, 4%, 5%, and 2% of the variance in bulimic behaviors. By contrast self-esteem weakened this relationship and the interactions accounted for an additional 3% of the variance in both drive for muscularity and bulimic behaviors. Implications of these findings for prevention and treatment of male eating disturbances are discuss
Body image and personality disorders in cosmetic surgery settings
No full textObjectives: Psychiatric disorders characterized by body image disorder (BID) such as body dysmorphic disorder, are relatively common in cosmetic surgery settings and several authors suggested the need for a preoperative clinical evaluation of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity. Study 1 investigated the prevalence of Personality Disorders (PDs) and Study 2 investigated the comorbidity between BID and PDs in patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Methods: Sixty two patients (study 1) scheduled for aesthetic rhinoplasty (62,9% F; Mage = 34.47 ± 10.69 ys) and 80 patients (study 2) scheduled for profile, breast and body contouring cosmetic surgery from two Italian hospitals (91% F; Mage = 32.68 ± 3.63) completed the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire - 4+ (PDQ-4+) with the exception of the items relating to two appendix PDs. Results: 19.6% and 17.5% of subjects (study 1 and 2, respectively), had at least 1 PD. In both studies, cluster B and C PDs are the most prevalent. In particular, the five most prevalent PDs were: obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, narcissistic, borderline and histrionic PD. In study 2, using the BUT cut-off score as a marker of clinical significance, 43.8% of subjects had a BID and all PD patients showed comorbidity with BID. Conclusion: Our study supports the evidence that PDs and BIDs are common in cosmetic surgery settings, as well as the importance of preoperative clinical evaluation of these disorders
Disordini alimentari maschili e orientamento sessuale: disamina della teoria dell’oggettivazione sessuale
No full textIntroduzione: La letteratura segnala che gli uomini omosessuali
riportano livelli maggiori d’insoddisfazione corporea e disordini
alimentari (DA) rispetto alla controparte eterosessuale, e
comparabili con quelli riportati dalle donne. Secondo gli studiosi
questo è probabilmente dovuto al fatto che i gay e le donne
sono maggiormente predisposti ad auto-oggettivarsi, ovvero
a vedere i loro copri come oggetti sessuali al fine di attirare
l’attenzione di altri maschi e attrarli come potenziali partner.
Lo studio esamina la teoria dell’oggettivazione (TO) come un
framework idoneo per esplorare i potenziali meccanismi sottostanti
che portano i gay a riportare elevati livelli di DA.
Metodi: 313 maschi (51% eterosessuali; 49% gay; Metà=21.2)
hanno compilato una batteria di questionari finalizzata alla rilevazione
delle variabili di interesse.
Risultati: Per i gay l’interiorizzazione degli standard socioculturali
di bellezza conduce all’auto-oggettivazione, aumentando
così l’ansia sociale e la vergogna per l’aspetto, che a loro volta
sono collegate all’insorgenza di DA. Gli stessi risultati (seppur
più deboli) sono emersi tra gli eterosessuali. I gay hanno ottenuto
punteggi medi significativamente superiori in tutte le variabili
esaminate e comparabili con quelli ottenuti in un campione
italiano di donne. Differenze di orientamento sessuale sono
emerse anche nel ruolo di vergogna e ansia sociale come variabili
mediatrici.
Conclusioni: La TO rappresenta un framework teorico utile per
esaminare e comprendere le differenze di orientamento sessuale
rispetto ai DA maschili
Why Do Only a Minority of Men Report Severe Levels of Eating Disorder Symptomatology, When so Many Report Substantial Body Dissatisfaction? Examination of Exacerbating Factors
No full textIn recent years research employing female samples has indicated that although body dissatisfaction may be necessary for the onset of an eating disorder, it is not sufficient. This study examined body surveillance and difficulties in interpersonal domains (attachment anxiety and social anxiety) as potential moderators of the body dissatisfaction-eating disorder symptomatology relationship amongst Italian college men (N = 359). As expected, all examined variables were found to intensify this relationship such that body dissatisfaction was strongly related to men's eating disorder symptomatology when each moderator was at its highest level (i.e., 1 SD above the mean). Practical implications are discusse
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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