201,534 research outputs found
Clitics or affixes? On the relevance of illocutionary level in the controversial categorization of a series of interrogative morphemes in Central Veneto and other Northern-Eastern varieties
No full textData and arguments brought forward in literature sometimes locate the same examples in rather different or even opposite frameworks. The analysis of the systematic correspondences between speech acts and grammatical forms offers one case which has highlighted several contradictions in the categorization of a series of morphemes, characterizing prototypically, but not exclusively, both direct yes/no and wh-questions in Central Veneto, as well as in many other Northern-Eastern Italian varieties (Fava 1993, 2014). Diachronically, these interrogative morphemes, as well as proclitic subjects, derive from the non-clitic nominative forms of ancient medieval dialects, continuing the forms of the Latin nominative (Renzi & Vanelli 1984). Synchronically, the representations of these markers, which involve distinctions of gender, number and person, have been dealt with controversially, ranging from clitic inversion (Brandi & Cordin 1989, Rizzi 1986) to NP in SpecAgr inversion (Poletto 1993) or to the affixing of an interrogative conjugation or mood, a definition going back to nineteenth-century grammars (Nazari 1876, Pajello 1896, Rohlfs 1968, Fava 1993, 2001, Loporcaro 2009). These variations and contradictions in the categorization of this illocutionary device deserve a theoretical approach that takes into account the different weight given to different levels of empirical generalizations. The aim of this paper is to defend the methodological importance of semantics and pragmatics research in verifying and controlling linguistic stipulations. Starting from meanings and functions involves a change in perspective in the evaluation of data, including independently observed phenomena, which forces us to unify them in order to offer a coherent grammatical description. Grammatical research on illocutionary force devices, which requires a comparison of several levels of grammatical description – phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon - and has a unifying explanation in function, calls for an assessment of their organization and interaction. Reconsidering some of the major proposals for Northern-Eastern varieties, I will bring to light some of their common inflectional features by pinpointing the properties that have structural relevance and require systematic reconsideration. Moreover, crosslinguistic considerations of Vicentino and Italian grammatical illocutionary devices highlight the relevance of inflectional variation strategies in expressing illocutionary force variations in both languages
A multi-step physicochemical-biotechnological approach for the valorization of olive mill wastewaters
No full textWaste valorization processes carried out through integrated multi-step biorefinery approaches can allow a massive exploitation of the waste organic matter. Olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) are agro-industrial wastes of a high environmental concern. A relevant part of their high COD is typically due to polyphenolic compounds, which are known to be toxic if concentrated to such extents. On the other hands, polyphenols are natural antioxidants of special relevance for several industrial sectors. Therefore, their recovery from OMWs provides the double opportunity to obtain high-added value biomolecules and to reduce the phytotoxicity of the effluent. To such an aim, an effective solid phase extraction process was recently developed [1]. The first aim of the present work was to define a protocol for the recovery and reuse of both the adsorbent (Amberlite XAD16 non-polar resin) and extraction solvent (ethanol), in order to verify the feasibility of a possible process scale-up. Very encouraging results were obtained: ethanol was recovered by means of a rotary evaporator, thus obtaining a concentrated phenolic mixture, whose antioxidant properties were demonstrated via ORAC and DPPH assays; furthermore, after its employment, the resin was washed with a sulphuric acid solution and regenerated: no significant losses of the resin adsorption capabilities were observed after 10 operation cycles. The exploitation of the OMW organic matter was further addressed toward the biotechnological production of biobased chemicals, such as H2 and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which represent a feasible substrate for aerobic bacteria able to produce and store biopolymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) [3]. A non conventional anaerobic digestion process carried out under acidogenic conditions for the obtainment of VFAs from dephenolized OMWs was recently developed [4]. The second aim of the present study was a further assessment of that process, with the aim of minimizing the process HRT. At a HRT = 5 days, a stable process capable of an effective bioconversion of the OMW organic matter into VFAs was obtained, with a VFA final concentration of about 19.7 gCOD/L, representing about 83% of the overall effluent COD.
References
[1] Bertin, L., Ferri, F., Scoma, A., Marchetti, L., Fava, F.: Recovery of high added value natural polyphenols from actual olive mill wastewater through solid phase extraction. Chem. Eng. J. 171, 1287-1293 (2011)
[2] Beccari, M., Bertin, L., Dionisi, D., Fava, F., Lampis, S., Majone, M., Valentino, F., Vallini, G., Villano, M.,: Exploiting olive oil mill effluents as a renewable resource for production of biodegradable polymers through a combined anaerobiceaerobic process. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 84, 901-908 (2009)
[3] Scoma, A., Bertin, L., Zanaroli, G., Fraraccio, S., Fava, F.: A physicochemical–biotechnological approach for an integrated valorization of olive mill wastewater. Biores. Technol. 102, 10273-10279 (2011
A multi-step physicochemical-biotechnological approach for the valorization of olive mill wastewaters
No full textWaste valorization processes carried out through integrated multi-step biorefinery approaches can allow a massive exploitation of the waste organic matter. Olive mill wastewaters (OMWs) are agro-industrial wastes of a high environmental concern. A relevant part of their high COD is typically due to polyphenolic compounds, which are known to be toxic if concentrated to such extents. On the other hands, polyphenols are natural antioxidants of special relevance for several industrial sectors. Therefore, their recovery from OMWs provides the double opportunity to obtain high-added value biomolecules and to reduce the phytotoxicity of the effluent. To such an aim, an effective solid phase extraction process was recently developed [1]. The first aim of the present work was to define a protocol for the recovery and reuse of both the adsorbent (Amberlite XAD16 non-polar resin) and extraction solvent (ethanol), in order to verify the feasibility of a possible process scale-up. Very encouraging results were obtained: ethanol was recovered by means of a rotary evaporator, thus obtaining a concentrated phenolic mixture, whose antioxidant properties were demonstrated via ORAC and DPPH assays; furthermore, after its employment, the resin was washed with a sulphuric acid solution and regenerated: no significant losses of the resin adsorption capabilities were observed after 10 operation cycles. The exploitation of the OMW organic matter was further addressed toward the biotechnological production of biobased chemicals, such as H2 and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which represent a feasible substrate for aerobic bacteria able to produce and store biopolymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) [3]. A non conventional anaerobic digestion process carried out under acidogenic conditions for the obtainment of VFAs from dephenolized OMWs was recently developed [4]. The second aim of the present study was a further assessment of that process, with the aim of minimizing the process HRT. At a HRT = 5 days, a stable process capable of an effective bioconversion of the OMW organic matter into VFAs was obtained, with a VFA final concentration of about 19.7 gCOD/L, representing about 83% of the overall effluent COD.
References
[1] Bertin, L., Ferri, F., Scoma, A., Marchetti, L., Fava, F.: Recovery of high added value natural polyphenols from actual olive mill wastewater through solid phase extraction. Chem. Eng. J. 171, 1287-1293 (2011)
[2] Beccari, M., Bertin, L., Dionisi, D., Fava, F., Lampis, S., Majone, M., Valentino, F., Vallini, G., Villano, M.,: Exploiting olive oil mill effluents as a renewable resource for production of biodegradable polymers through a combined anaerobiceaerobic process. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 84, 901-908 (2009)
[3] Scoma, A., Bertin, L., Zanaroli, G., Fraraccio, S., Fava, F.: A physicochemical–biotechnological approach for an integrated valorization of olive mill wastewater. Biores. Technol. 102, 10273-10279 (2011
Aspectos económicos de la flota mercante argentina
No full textFil: Fava, Luis M.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Buenos Aires, Argentina
Erratum to: Effects of nutraceuticals on quality of life and sexual function of perimenopausal women (Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, (2017), 40, 1, (27-32), 10.1007/s40618-016-0500-2)
No full textUnfortunately, one of the co-author first name was wrongly published in the original version. The complete correct name of the co-author is given below. A. M. C. Rapisarda. The original version of this article is also updated
Clitics and affixes in some north-eastern italian dialects
No full textResearch on interrogative structures has been receiving increased attention in the framework of speech act theory. However, the description of the cluster of morphosyntactic features (clitics, particles, moods, word order variation, etc.) which, without any reliance on the extralinguistic context, permits the interpretation of an utterance as a question is very often unsatisfactory. In some cases, little theoretical consideration has been paid to the series of variations concerning the categories and strategies involved. In this paper I highlight a series of contradictions in the categorization of the Question Markers belonging to many North-Eastern Italian dialects and I propose a solution to this puzzling problem (Fava 1993, 1999). Already attested since the sixteenth century, North-Eastern Dialect Question Markers (NED QMs) are still very much alive, involving distinctions of gender, number and person which vary considerably from dialect to dialect, according to tenses, moods and other features. They have been described in different ways as noun phrase (NP) or clitic inversion, while others consider them variations in the morphological structure of the verb (affix of an interrogative conjugation or mood). These variations and contradictions in the categorization of this specific illocutionary device, from affix, to clitic inversion or to NP inversion deserve a theoretical approach that takes into account the different weight given to different levels of empirical generalizations. The aim of this paper is to defend the methodological importance of semantics and pragmatics research: starting from meanings and functions rather than forms involves a change in perspective in the evaluation of data even for independently observed phenomena, which forces us to unify them in order to offer a coherent grammatical description of them. Reconsidering some of the major proposals, I will try to bring to light some of their common features and pinpoint those properties that have a structural relevance which require reconsideration. Evaluations centred on the word, in its paradigmatic relations, support the thesis of the affixal character of the NED QMs, offering some evidence that the declarative and the interrogative paradigms have split up. Even though derived diachronically via enclisis of subject pronouns, NED QMs now belong, at a synchronic level, to the verbal form as a whole
Use of Fava d'Anta extract in maize cultivation under saline stress.
No full textO extrato da Fava d’Anta (Dimorphandra mollis Benth), alivia os efeitos deletérios da água salobra. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar as trocas gasosas e crescimento inicial da cultura do milho sob estresse salino e utilização do extrato da Fava D’anta. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com três repetições, referentes. O primeiro fator foi constituído por cinco condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa = 1,0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 dS m -1 ) e frequências de aplicação via foliar de extrato de Fava D’anta (F1 – sem aplicação do extrato; F2 – aplicação a cada 10 dias, F3 – aplicação a cada 5 dias e F4 – aplicação diária. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação causou redução nas variáveis altura, diâmetro do colmo, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, biomassa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. As diferentes frequências de aplicação do extrato da Fava d’Anta influenciaram as variáveis altura da planta, fotossíntese e massa seca da parte aérea. O efeito interativo ocorreu com melhores resultados nas combinações S2 x F2, S3 x F2 e S3 x F2 para fotossíntese, condutância estomática e transpiração, respectivamente; evidenciando que a aplicação do extrato de Fava d’Anta a cada 10 dias, durante o ciclo vegetativo, demonstra potencial de mitigar os efeitos deletérios da água salobra no milho. O extrato, aplicado diariamente, mitigou os efeitos danosos da água de irrigação com CE de 4,0 dS m -1 , no que se refere às trocas gasosas.Título em português: Uso do extrato da Fava d’Anta no cultivo do milho sob estresse salino
Control of 2-chlorophenol vapour emissions by a trickling biofilter
No full textThis research work investigates the biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol vapours in a trickling biofilter packed with a ceramic material, and seeded with a pure strain of Pseudomonas pickettii. The process was tested at laboratory scale over 260 days of operation under varying loading conditions. More than 98% degradation efficiencies were achieved for loading rates up to 82.5 g m(-3) h(-1). Process analysis, performed using data on 2-chlorophenol concentration profiles along the biofilter bed, shows that best biofilter performance (i.e. maximum degradation capacity and efficiency) can be obtained for a narrow range of operating conditions, which can be ensured by proper sizing of biofilter diameter and height. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Ferdinando Fava, Banlieue de Palerme. Une version sicilienne de l'exclusion urbaine, Parigi, L'Harmattan, 2007, 386 pp.
No full textRecensione del volume di Ferdinando Fava
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