1,720,958 research outputs found
C05 | The butterfly effect – how a birthday party in Umbria led to the accidental discovery of a bi-regional outbreak of salmonellosis
No full textPurpose. The study describes an outbreak of salmonellosis involving 19 people between February and June 2025 in Umbria and Lazio, linked to the consumption of raw milk cheese produced by a farm dairy. Methods. The CU were carried out in accordance with the provisions of EU Regulation 2017/625, Art. 14. Four unrelated human cases of salmonellosis were reported, and an informal report was received of an additional case with gastrointestinal symptoms that occurred after a banquet at which cheese made from sheep's milk was consumed. The declarant did not formalise the report and did not indicate where the cheese had been purchased. Results. Salmonella Newport was typed from the strains isolated in the four initial cases; subsequently, five other human cases and a strain isolated from raw milk cheese from a private laboratory were added. A correlation between cheese consumption and human cases was therefore hypothesised. The private laboratory was contacted and provided the name of the same person who had made the informal report, who was then summoned to provide summary witness information, reporting the name of the producing dairy. The analyses carried out by the IZS involved showed that the sequenced strains belonged to a single cluster comprising the nine cases in Umbria and ten cases in the Lazio region. As a result, official samples were taken of “primo sale” raw milk cheese, mature pecorino cheese (> 30 days) and the water used; An official ban was imposed on all cheeses produced and cheese-making activities were suspended, with mandatory milk pasteurisation, requiring the OSA to carry out self-monitoring sampling of products, raw materials and surfaces. An epidemiological investigation was conducted on the farm: 172 samples of raw milk from lactating ewes, 172 rectal swabs, sampling of environmental surfaces using sponges, in particular on the milking machine, pools of fresh faeces, and sampling carried out with overshoes on sheep litter and in the poultry shed were collected. The following tested positive for Salmonella Newport: all samples of “primo sale” cheese, 50% of mature cheeses, raw bulk milk (intermittent positivity), a surface sample taken from a teat cup in the milking system, the overshoes used for sampling the poultry nests, and the milk of one of the lactating ewes. The OSA was notified of the offence pursuant to Article 444 of the Italian Criminal Code; the analytical results showed intermittent elimination of S. Newport by lactating animals and suggested poultry farming as the likely source of contamination. However, limited knowledge about the presence of Salmonella Newport in dairy sheep did not allow the source of milk contamination to be identified with certainty. Conclusions. This study highlights the importance of increasing controls and training for raw milk cheese producers, as well as strengthening the National Health Service networks for the management of foodborne diseases. It also highlights the need to raise consumer awareness of the importance of timely reporting as an essential tool for protecting public health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
C05 | The butterfly effect – come una festa di compleanno in umbria ha portato casualmente alla scoperta di un focolaio bi-regionale di salmonellosi
No full textScopo. Il lavoro descrive un focolaio di salmonellosi che ha coinvolto 19 persone tra febbraio e giugno 2025, in Umbria e Lazio, correlato al consumo di formaggio a latte crudo prodotto da un caseificio aziendale. Metodi. I CU sono stati eseguiti sulla base di quanto previsto dal Reg. UE 2017/625 all’Art. 14. Sono stati notificati 4 casi umani di salmonellosi non correlabili tra loro, ed è pervenuta una segnalazione informale di un ulteriore caso, con sintomatologia gastroenterica, verificatosi successivamente ad un banchetto in cui era stato consumato formaggio prodotto con latte di pecora. Il dichiarante non formalizzava la segnalazione e non riferiva il luogo di acquisto del formaggio. Risultati. Dai ceppi isolati nei quattro casi iniziali è stata tipizzata Salmonella Newport; successivamente, si sono aggiunti altri cinque casi umani e un ceppo isolato da formaggio a latte crudo, proveniente da un laboratorio privato. È stata quindi ipotizzata una correlazione tra il consumo di formaggio e i casi umani. È stato contattato il laboratorio privato cha fornito il nominativo dello stesso soggetto della segnalazione informale che è stato, quindi, convocato per rendere sommarie informazioni testimoniali, riferendo il nominativo del caseificio produttore. Le analisi eseguite dall’IZS coinvolto hanno dimostrato che i ceppi sequenziati appartenevano a un unico cluster comprendente i nove casi umbri e dieci casi della Regione Lazio. Di conseguenza sono stati prelevati campioni ufficiali di formaggio a latte crudo “primo sale”, pecorino stagionato (> 30 giorni) e dell’acqua utilizzata; è stato disposto il fermo ufficiale su sospetto di tutti i formaggi prodotti e la sospensione dell’attività di caseificazione con obbligo di pastorizzazione del latte, prescrivendo all’OSA l’esecuzione di campionamenti in autocontrollo su prodotti, materie prime e superfici. In allevamento è stata condotta un’indagine epidemiologica: sono stati raccolti 172 campioni di latte crudo da pecore in lattazione, 172 tamponi rettali, campionamento di superfici ambientali mediante l’impiego di spugnette, in particolare sulla mungitrice, pool di feci fresche, e campionamenti eseguiti con sovrascarpe sulla lettiera degli ovini e nella rimessa degli avicoli da cortile. Sono risultati positivi a Salmonella Newport: tutti i campioni di formaggio “primo sale”, il 50 % dei formaggi stagionati, il latte di massa crudo (positività intermittenti), un campione di superficie eseguito su una tettarella dell’impianto di mungitura, i sovrascarpe utilizzati per il campionamento dei nidi avicoli e il latte di una delle pecore in lattazione. All’OSA è stata comunicata notizia di reato ai sensi dell’art. 444 C.P.; i risultati analitici hanno evidenziato un’eliminazione intermittente di S. Newport da parte dei capi in lattazione, e suggerito, quale probabile fonte di contaminazione, l’allevamento avicolo. Tuttavia, le conoscenze limitate sulla presenza di Salmonella Newport in ovini da latte non hanno permesso di identificare, con certezza, la fonte di contaminazione del latte. Conclusioni. Il presente lavoro sottolinea l’importanza di elevare i controlli e la formazione dei produttori di formaggi a latte crudo, nonché di rafforzare le reti del SSN per la gestione delle malattie a trasmissione alimentare. Evidenzia inoltre la necessità di sensibilizzare i consumatori sull’importanza delle segnalazioni tempestive, quale strumento essenziale per la tutela della salute collettiva
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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