1,721,088 research outputs found
Faust´s Question / by Marion Pelton Guild
Full text linkFAUST´S QUESTION / BY MARION PELTON GUILD
Faust´s Question / by Marion Pelton Guild (1)
Cover (1)
Faust´s Question (2
Pauline Lucca als Faust´s Gretchen : in Gounod´s Oper "Margaretha" / Nach der Natur photographirt. A. Fleischmann gest.
Full text linkPAULINE LUCCA ALS FAUST´S GRETCHEN : IN GOUNOD´S OPER "MARGARETHA" / NACH DER NATUR PHOTOGRAPHIRT. A. FLEISCHMANN GEST.
Pauline Lucca als Faust´s Gretchen : in Gounod´s Oper "Margaretha" / Nach der Natur photographirt. A. Fleischmann gest. (1)
Illustration: Pauline Lucca als Faust´s Gretchen. (1
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults
No full textPneumococcal disease remains a global problem despite the availability of effective conjugate vaccines. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) extends the valency of PCV7 by including six additional serotypes highly associated with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Comparisons between PCV13 and PCV7 or the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine have established noninferiority of PCV13 for both safety and immunogenicity profiles for use in children and adults, respectively. At the end of 2011, PCV13 had been approved and launched in 104 countries worldwide, with 54 including the vaccine in their pediatric national immunization program. Surveillance data from early adopters of PCV13 has indicated reductions are occurring in both overall IPD and IPD caused by the six non-PCV7 serotypes; early reports of serotype replacement in carriage are also emerging. While serotype replacement for PCV7 was observed to varying degrees for both carriage and disease, the extent to which this will occur for PCV13 is yet to be determined
Suspected sepsis: summary of NICE guidance
No full textThe UK Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman inquiry “Time to Act” found failures in the recognition, diagnosis, and early management of those who died from sepsis, which triggered this guidance. In sepsis the body’s immune and coagulation systems are switched on by an infection and cause one or more body organs to malfunction with variable severity. The condition is life threatening. Although most people with infection do not have and will not develop sepsis, non-specific signs and symptoms can lead to late recognition of people who might have sepsis. We would like clinicians to “think sepsis” and recognise symptoms and signs of potential organ failure when they assess someone with infection, in a similar way to thinking “Could this chest pain be cardiac in origin?”This guidance provides a pragmatic approach for patients with infection who are assessed in the community, emergency departments, and hospitals by a wide range of general and specialist healthcare professionals. It includes guidance on assessment of risk factors followed by a detailed structured assessment of potential clinical signs and symptoms of concern.Definitions of sepsis have been developed, but these offer limited explanation on how to confirm or rule out the diagnosis in general clinical settings or in the community. Current mechanisms to diagnose sepsis and guidelines for use largely apply to critical care settings such as intensive care. We recognised a need for better recognition of sepsis in non-intensive settings and for the diagnosis to be entertained sooner.While sepsis is multifactorial and rarely presents in the same way, the Guideline Development Group considered that use of an easy, structured risk assessment may help clinicians identify those most severely ill who require immediate potentially lifesaving treatment. This guideline ensures that patients defined as having sepsis by recent definitions are, as a minimum, assessed as moderate-high risk. This guidance is also about appropriate de-escalation if sepsis is unlikely and broad spectrum antibiotics or hospital admission are not appropriate.This article summarises recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline for the recognition, diagnosis, and management of sepsis in children and adults. Recommendations and the clinical pathway are available via the NICE website, and the UK Sepsis Trust tools are being revised to align with this guidance. This article is accompanied by an infographic, which displays the NICE guideline as a decision making tool
Continuously Non-malleable Codes in the Split-State Model
No full textNon-malleable codes (Dziembowski et al., ICS’10 and J. ACM’18) are a natural relaxation of error correcting/detecting codes with useful applications in cryptography. Informally, a code is non-malleable if an adversary trying to tamper with an encoding of a message can only leave it unchanged or modify it to the encoding of an unrelated value. This paper introduces continuous non-malleability, a generalization of standard non-malleability where the adversary is allowed to tamper continuously with the same encoding. This is in contrast to the standard definition of non-malleable codes, where the adversary can only tamper a single time. The only restriction is that after the first invalid codeword is ever generated, a special self-destruct mechanism is triggered and no further tampering is allowed; this restriction can easily be shown to be necessary. We focus on the split-state model, where an encoding consists of two parts and the tampering functions can be arbitrary as long as they act independently on each part. Our main contributions are outlined below.We show that continuous non-malleability in the split-state model is impossible without relying on computational assumptions.We construct a computationally secure split-state code satisfying continuous non-malleability in the common reference string (CRS) model. Our scheme can be instantiated assuming the existence of collision-resistant hash functions and (doubly enhanced) trapdoor permutations, but we also give concrete instantiations based on standard number-theoretic assumptions.We revisit the application of non-malleable codes to protecting arbitrary cryptographic primitives against related-key attacks. Previous applications of non-malleable codes in this setting required perfect erasures and the adversary to be restricted in memory. We show that continuously non-malleable codes allow to avoid these restrictions
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