1,720,984 research outputs found
Mechanical harvesting line setting of giant reeds
No full textThis study evaluated the possibility of adopting haymaking farming machinery in giant reed (Arundo donax L.) harvesting. The test shows the technical and energy aspects of mechanical harvesting using only one specific machine, a shredding machine, designed and developed by an Italian constructor for large biomass herbaceous crops (giant reed, sorghums, switchgrass, Mischantus, etc). It is designed for high vegetative growth crops, as it is able to spread products over all soil surfaces or, alternatively, carry out windrowing. Tests were conducted in the south of Italy (Campania region) on the experimental farm Torre Lama in Bellizzi (SA). Biomass was shredded, dried in the field, and baled for use in a logistic chain and storage. The first step was the cutting and shredding of biomass crops with the specific shredder rear-mounted in an agricultural tractor. The biomass then was dried on the field, constantly monitored for moisture content, and finally, baled with a trailed round baler for storage (second step) and used in a specific logistic chain. The test showed good performance of the shredder machine between 1.17 and 1.77 ha h-1 with an operative speed between 3.9 and 5. 9 km h-1. To define the hourly production, a high wet production level of 60.70 t ha-1 and a low level of 56 t ha-1 were used as references. Under the climatic conditions of the experimental test, this harvesting system showed some advantages, such as the possibility of immediate and long-term biomass storage (less than 14% moisture content), the potential alternative use of the biomass, and the reduced resource use compared to that of other ordinary crops growing in the area
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Comparison between extraction techniques: Cold press techniques and ultrasound assisted maceration (uam) method
No full textHemp seed oils from Uso 31 monoecious variety were differently obtained by cold pressing or ultrasound-assisted maceration (UAM). In particular, the cold pressing technique was performed using an industrial scale plant and the extraction process was optimized by using nozzle of different diameters (6 mm, 8 mm and 15 mm), capable of imposing a different pressure, and therefore a different extraction temperature. These parameters influence the final product in terms of quality and chemical composition. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), total phenols, and total cannabidiol (CBD) were comparatively assessed, as well as the formation of conjugated dienes and trienes. The UAM technique gave a higher oil yield (+ 6.5%) than that obtained with the traditional cold extraction system. The analysis of photosynthetic pigments has shown that the chlorophyll content in cold extracted oils decreases with the increase in the diameter of the bush, and that this content is in any case higher (+ 56%) than the oil mixture obtained with UAM. Considering the carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio, it was possible to observe that UAM technique appears to relatively favor a quantity of carotenoids higher than chlorophylls. Values of ΔK lower than 0.010 were obtained for cold extracted oil with a 15 mm nozzle and for oils extracted with UAM. The data seem to confirm that the use of a larger bush provides the enrichment of the oil and does not compromise the goodness of the constituents with beneficial action. The ultrasound technology also benefits the extraction of phenolics and cannabidiolic acid. The results obtained, although they require further investigation, allow us to assert that the complexity of the hemp oil mixture needs to be evaluated in its fullness and in a different way from what is commonly used for other edible oils
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Innovative techniques to reduce ammonia and methane emissions from digestate application to field
No full textThis study deals with the innovative micro-injection technique, which allows the slurry to be injected at 5 cm deep into the soil with a reduced traction force, a crucial point for the farms. To this purpose, two slurry spreading techniques were compared in laboratory under controlled temperature and humidity conditions: (i) the band spreading application (BS) and (ii) the microinjection application (MI) of a liquid fraction of cow digestate. The slurry spreading was simulated using 6 glass vessels filled by 3770 g of sieved soil at 5 mm, characterized by a waterfilled pore space (WFPS) of 60%. During a monitoring period of 5 days after the slurry application, ammonia and methane emissions were measured. The cumulative ammonia emissions measured for the band spreading and microinjection were 985,2 mgN m-2 and 24,6 mgN m-2, respectively
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Effects of irrigation, fertilization and mechanical harvesting on yield performances of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in southern Italy
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