1,720,981 research outputs found
Trading fear for food in the Anthropocene: How ungulates cope with human disturbance in a multi-use, suburban ecosystem
No full textResource distribution, predation risk and disturbance in space and time can affect how animals use their environment. To date few studies have assessed the spatiotemporal trade-off between resource acquisition and avoidance of risks and human disturbance in small protected areas embedded in an urban matrix. A better understanding of the forage-safety trade-off in urban protected areas (UPA) is key to the design of evidence based approaches to deal with the ever-increasing human-wildlife impacts typical of UPA. Herein, we analyzed camera trap data to evaluate how two ungulate species trade fear for food in a 60 km(2) human-dominated UPA without natural predators. We found that wild boar (Sus scrofa) were predominantly active at night, while roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) showed a typical bimodal crepuscular activity pattern. Occupancy analysis indicated that deciduous forest and the presence of high seats for hunting played an important role in determining the space use of wild boar. For roe deer, we found indications that the presence of forest influenced space use, although the null model was retained among the top ranked models. Our results confirm that wild boar and roe deer are able to thrive in heavily human dominated landscapes characterized by intensive recreational use and hunting, such as protected areas embedded in an urban matrix. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work makes use of data and/or infrastructure provided by INBO and funded by Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) as part of the Belgian contribution to LifeWatch. JW is funded by a BOF-mandate at Hasselt University. We are grateful to ANB, Regionaal Landschap Kempen & Maasland, the municipalities of As, Dilsen-Stokkem, Lanaken, Maasmechelen and Zutendaal, the tourist offices of NPHK, hunters and residents to allow us to place camera traps on their property. Further, we thank all students and volunteers that aided in the field or processed and annotated pictures. Finally, we appreciate the insightful feedback we received from the two reviewers that commented on this manuscript.Wevers, J (corresponding author), Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Modelling species distribution from camera trap by‐catch using a scale‐optimized occupancy approach
No full textsponsorship: This work makes use of data and/or infrastructure provided by the foundation Carnivore Ecology and Wildlife Management (KORA) and funded by the Federal Office for the Environment. We thank especially D. Foresti, F. Kunz as well as civilians and volunteers for their help during field work and data entry and R. Burki for checking the data integrity. This work would not have been possible without the support of the wildlife managers of the cantons of Baselland, Bern, Jura, Neuchatel and Vaud and the help of their game wardens. JW is funded by a BOF-mandate from Hasselt University. (Federal Office for the Environment, BOF-mandate from Hasselt University)status: Publishe
Environmental and intrinsic correlates of stress in free-ranging wolves
Full text linkWe used fecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) as an index of stress, after validating the method
for its application in wolves. We analyzed a total of 450 fecal samples from eleven wolf
packs belonging to three protected populations, in Italy (Abruzzo), France (Mercantour),
and the United States (Yellowstone). We collected samples during two consecutive winters
in each study area. We found no relationship between FCM concentrations and age, sex or
social status of individuals. At the group level, our results suggest that breeding pair permanency
and the loss of pack members through processes different from dispersal may importantly
impact stress levels in wolves. We measured higher FCM levels in comparatively
small packs living in sympatry with a population of free-ranging dogs. Lastly, our results indicate
that FCM concentrations are associated with endoparasitic infections of individuals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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