8,973 research outputs found
Cut-elimination, substitution and normalisation
No full textDate of Acceptance: 01/2015We present a proof (of the main parts of which there is a formal version, checked with the Isabelle proof assistant) that, for a G3-style calculus covering all of intuitionistic zero-order logic, with an associated term calculus, and with a particular strongly normalising and confluent system of cut-reduction rules, every reduction step has, as its natural deduction translation, a sequence of zero or more reduction steps (detour reductions, permutation reductions or simplifications). This complements and (we believe) clarifies earlier work by (e.g.) Zucker and Pottinger on a question raised in 1971 by Kreisel.Peer reviewe
Metode Branch and Cut untuk Menyelesaikan Multi-Objective Integer Programming
No full textBRANCH AND CUT METHOD FOR SOLVING MULTI OBJECTIVE INTEGER PROGRAMMING
ABSTRACT
Branch and Cut method is a kind of technique for solving linear programming
problem which expect integer for its decision variable, but it usually use to solve a
single objective integer programming form. In this paper, the author will show
how Branch and Cut method can solve a multi-objective integer programming or
so-called goal programming. The author also used LINDO (Linear Discrete
Optimization).
Keywords: Branch and Cut, Multi-Objective Integer Programming, goal
programming.57 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Open access self-archiving: An author study
No full textThis, our second author international, cross-disciplinary study on open access had 1296 respondents. Its focus was on self-archiving. Almost half (49%) of the respondent population have self-archived at least one article during the last three years. Use of institutional repositories for this purpose has doubled and usage has increased by almost 60% for subject-based repositories. Self-archiving activity is greatest amongst those who publish the largest number of papers. There is still a substantial proportion of authors unaware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving. Of the authors who have not yet self-archived any articles, 71% remain unaware of the option. With 49% of the author population having self-archived in some way, this means that 36% of the total author population (71% of the remaining 51%), has not yet been appraised of this way of providing open access. Authors have frequently expressed reluctance to self-archive because of the perceived time required and possible technical difficulties in carrying out this activity, yet findings here show that only 20% of authors found some degree of difficulty with the first act of depositing an article in a repository, and that this dropped to 9% for subsequent deposits. Another author worry is about infringing agreed copyright agreements with publishers, yet only 10% of authors currently know of the SHERPA/RoMEO list of publisher permissions policies with respect to self-archiving, where clear guidance as to what a publisher permits is provided. Where it is not known if permission is required, however, authors are not seeking it and are self-archiving without it. Communicating their results to peers remains the primary reason for scholars publishing their work; in other words,
researchers publish to have an impact on their field. The vast majority of authors (81%) would willingly comply with a mandate from their employer or research funder to deposit copies of their articles in an institutional or subject-based repository. A further 13% would comply reluctantly; 5% would not comply with such a mandate
Modification of Breadfruit Starch (Artocarpus altilis) Through Oxidation Reaction with Nitric Acid Oxidizer
No full textModification of breadfruit starch into carboxylate starch has been carried out through an oxidation reaction between breadfruit starch (Artocarpus altilis) and nitric acid. The oxidation reaction was carried out with variations in starch mass with nitric acid of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and time variations of 4, 6, and 8 hours. The results of carboxylate starch modification were analyzed using an FT-IR spectrophotometer, oxidation degree test, carboxyl content test, solubility test, viscosity test, SEM analysis, XRD analysis, and TGA analysis. The resulting carboxylate starch was analyzed by FT-IR appearing at a wave number of 1729 cm-1 indicating vibrations of the carboxyl C=O group, vibrations at wave numbers of 2937-2922 cm-1 indicating the presence of a –CH sp3 group. Determination of the degree of oxidation was carried out on all variations and the highest DO value was obtained in carboxylate starch with a mass variation of 1:5 at a reaction time of 6 hours, which was 83,43%. Characterization of carboxylate starch with a mass variation of 1:5 at a reaction time of 6 hours resulted in a carboxyl content value = 0,67%, solubility = 35,29% and viscosity = 0,6946 Cp. The results of SEM analysis showed that the granule surface had been broken down due to the oxidation reaction, XRD analysis showed a decrease in crystallinity from 14.0% to 3.2%, and TGA analysis showed a decrease in degradation temperature between natural starch and carboxylate starch from 310°C to 240°C.89 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Pengaruh Suhu dan Tekanan Uap terhadap Kehilangan Minyak pada Tandan Kosong di Stasiun Perebusan di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit PTP– Nusantara IV Pulu Raja
No full textThe boiling procces is a very important procces that may affect proccesing of oils.
Some of the things that influnced,among anothers, losses and quality of the prouced
oil. Levels of losses in the empty fruit bunches are affected by several factors in the
boiling process. These factors include pressure and temperature used in sterilizer.
Optimum conditions in boiling systems PTPN IV Pulu Raja is at a pressure of 2,76
kg/cm2 and temperature of 1,36 o C where the resulting level of losses amounting to
1,95%. In these circumstances it can be said is perfectly ripe fruit that will produce a
better and oil content of less loss.48 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
Penentuan Kadar Flourida dan Nitrat Pada Air Bersih dengan Metode Spektrofotometri di Balai Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pengendalian Penyakit (BTKLPP)
No full textAn analysis of fluoride and nitrate levels in clean water has been carried out
using the spectrophotometric method at Balai Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan Dan
Pengendalian Penyakit (BTKLPP). Examination of fluoride levels was carried out
using the spectrophotometric method using a nova 60 spectrophotometer at a
wavelength of 340 nm for fluoride and 340 nm for nitrate. This study aims to determine
the levels of fluoride and nitrate in clean water and compare them with the quality
standards set by the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia
No. 32 of 2017 with the spectrophotometric method. The results of the analysis
obtained that fluoride levels in clean water still meet the quality standard limits,
namely 1.5 mg/l in test sample number 08= 0.43 mg/l and in test sample number 10=
0.04. The results of the nitrate analysis on the clean water test samples still met the
quality standard limit of 10 mg/l. In the sample number 20= 22,3 mg/l and in the
sample number 22= 12.7 mg/l40 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
Modifikasi Pati Talas(Colocasia Es-culentum L)dengan Reaksi Oksidasi Menggunakan Hidrogen Peroksida
No full textIsolated starch from taro (Colocasia esculentum L.) and modified it through an oxi-dation reaction using 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this research, the effect of reaction time on the physico-chemical properties in the form of degree of oxidation, swelling power, and solubility power of the obtained starch oxide was carried out. The formation of starch oxide was confirmed through testing using FT-IR, the suc-cess of the oxidation process was indicated by the presence of C-O and C-O-C car-boxylate absorption bands at wave number 1148 cm-1. In addition, the reduced -OH intensity indicates that the oxidation process of the starch hydroxyl groups has been carried out successfully. The effect of variations in reaction time on the starch oxide produced can be seen from its physico-chemical properties in the form of swelling power (sp) and water solubility (ws). The longer the reaction time is used, the sp and ws values will increase, the optimum condition is the reaction time of 120 minutes. However, at a higher reaction time (180 minutes) the ws and sp values decreased, this was due to the decomposition of the hydroxyl radical groups from hydrogen per-oxide so that they could not carry out the further oxidation process of starch.65 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Free Fatty Acid and Iodine Value from Refined, Bleached, Deodorized Palm Kernel Stearin (RBDPKS) at Medan Class II Customs Laboratory
No full textTesting for free fatty acids and iodine value in Refined Bleached Deodorized
Palm Kernel Stearin (RBDPKS) at the Medan Class II Customs Laboratory has been
carried out with the aim of determining whether the ALB content and iodine value in
RBDPKS are in accordance with the quality standards of PERMENDAG No.54.
TheALB test was carried out using the alkalimetric titration method and the iodine
number using the iodometric titration method. The test was carried out with 3 samples,
and the average value of ALB on RBDPKS was obtained, namely: RBDPKS1 =
0.075%, RBDPKS2 = 0.065%, RBDPKS3 = 0.087%. In iodine numbers with average
values: RBDPKS1 = 7.86 g, RBDPKS2 = 5.33 g, RBDPKS3 = 5.84 g. The analysis
results show that the RBDPKS has met the standards of PERMENDAG No. 54 which
has been determined is for ALB <2% and Iodine Number 5-8 gI2/ 100 g.50 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
Analisa Formalin pada Tahu Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus.)
No full textThe research have done of formaldehyde analysis to tofu doing with dragon fruit
extract. Analysis doing on three samples tofu from different location and based on
qualitative methods. This method is done by using filter paper soaked in dragon
fruit extract for 5 minutes. Then all the three tofu samples each placed on filter
paper that has absorbed the color from dragon fruit extract and allowed to stand
for 15 minutes. The result obtained by the two tofu is expressed negatively
contain formaldehyde because of the color of the fruit dragon extract on filter
paper absorbed and attached to the tofu (the color of tofu is purple) and one tofu
obtained test positive containing formaldehyde because of the color from the fruit
dragon extract on filter paper is not absorbed out and just stick but not attached on
tofu (the color of tofu is white). It just the pure tofu are not containing that
formaldehyde are suitable for consumption and the tofu are containing
formaldehyde is not safe to consumption.43 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
Penentuan Kadar Nitrit pada Beberapa Air Sungai di Kota Medan dengan Metode Spektrofotometri (Visible)
No full textNitrit (NO2) is usually found in a number of the very few less than on nitrate, because it is not stable with the presence of oxygen. Nitrit parameters were measured using the method spektrofotometri UV-Visible, with a maximum wavelength 543 nm. Measurement results expressed in mg/L. From the results of the analysis can be made that the water level in rivers nitrit deli 0.0196 mg / l, water babura river upstream 0.0688 mg / l, babura river water downstream 0.1420 mg / l, the river water belumai 0.0049 mg / l, the river water tembung 0.1039 mg / l most nitrit ion content in the river water does not meet the standard nitrit at Law No. 82 of 2001 which is 0.06 mg / l which is about the processing of water quality and water pollution control.44 HalamanKertas Karya Diplom
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