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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A review of aplastic/hypoplastic anaemia diagnosed on bone marrow samples at the haematology laboratory at National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal.
Get PDFMasters Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.Aplastic Anaemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure syndrome (BMFS) characterized by bone marrow aplasia and peripheral blood pancytopenia. The presenting symptoms in patients with AA are often those of anaemia, haemorrhage or purpura and, less frequently, infection. These symptoms usually lead to medical evaluation (1, 2). Presentation can range from non-severe or moderate, to sometimes life-threatening cytopenias. In the Western World, the annual incidence of Acquired Aplastic Anaemia (AAA) is 2 cases per million persons (3). A biphasic age distribution has been reported. AA primarily affects children, young adults, and those over 60 years of age. Males and females display no significant difference in incidence. The majority (70-80%) of AA cases are classified as idiopathic, as their primary aetiology is unknown (4). Drugs or infections that precipitate bone marrow failure, can be identified in a subset of AA cases. AA is constitutional in approximately 15-20% of patients, with the commonest inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) being Fanconi Anaemia (FA). Five percent of idiopathic AA have undiagnosed IBMFS because the full disease phenotype has not manifest itself (5, 6).
An autoimmune pathogenesis is favored to cause stem cell depletion. Severe AA is invariably fatal without treatment. The currently available treatment options including allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), are improving patient survival in developed countries (2, 7, 8).
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare clonal haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorder which may arise de novo or evolve from AA. This bone marrow failure disorder manifests with haemolytic anaemia, marrow failure (peripheral blood cytopenias) and thrombophilia. AA and PNH are closely related, and small PNH clones are detectable in more than half of AA patients. PNH is also the most common clonal disorder that occurs in AA patients after treatment with immunosuppressive therapy (IST) (7, 9-18).
This project was conducted in order to delineate the demographic and clinico-haematological profile of the adult patient cohort diagnosed with AA within the Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN) public health care sector. Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital (IALCH) in Cato Manor, Durban is the only public sector hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN) equipped with the facilities and resources to diagnose this rare condition, as well as to treat AA. Due to the rare occurrence of this haematological disorder, there is a paucity of information regarding AA in South Africa (SA), as well as in African countries in general. To date, there have been no published studies on Adult AA from our centre or other centres within SA.
Aims and objectives: The aim of this retrospective observational study was to collect data regarding the demographics, clinical presentation, aetiology/associations, laboratory parameters and outcome of adult patients with a bone marrow diagnosis of Aplastic Anaemia at the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), IALCH, Durban, KZN, over a 10-year period.
The specific objectives of the study were to illustrate patient demographics, to correlate the full blood count (FBC), bone marrow aspirate and trephine (BMAT) findings and to document disease severity. Other aims included documenting aetiological associations, in particular viruses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and connective tissue disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Another objective in HIV infected patients, was to establish if a relationship with the CD4 count/viral load and disease presentation, exists. The presence, or subsequent emergence, of a PNH clone and cytogenetic abnormalities, if any, were also documented. Patient outcomes, including response to treatment and overall survival, was also assessed.
Methods: BMAT biopsies with a confirmed diagnosis of Aplastic/Hypoplastic anaemia at the NHLS Haematology Laboratory at IALCH, were reviewed over a 10-year period (2005-2015). Demographic data, clinical information and laboratory parameters were recorded on a standardized data collection sheet, and then transcribed onto a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for analysis. The demographic and clinical data was obtained from the referral forms and clinical notes. Laboratory results were extracted from the TrakCare Lab Information System (LIS).
Results: A total of 92 BMATs were reviewed. There were 42 males (M) and 50 females (F), with a M:F ratio of 0.8:1. The median age at presentation was 24 years, with an absence of a second peak of presentation in older patients. Twenty nine patients had very severe AA (VSAA), 36 had severe AA (SAA) and 27 had non severe AA (NSAA). Symptoms of thrombocytopenia (TCP) prevailed in the majority (61%) of patients at presentation, followed by symptoms of anaemia (53%). Symptoms of neutropenia, occurring in 6 patients (7.5%), were the least frequent. Ninety three percent of patients presented with pancytopenia. Thirty percent of patients had a severe anaemia (Hb <6g/dl). Sixty percent of patients had a severe thrombocytopenia (platelets < 20x109/l). A severe neutropenia (ANC < 0.5 x 109/l) was observed in 62% of patients. Reversal of the lymphocyte: neutrophil ratio was observed in 92% of patients. All bone marrow trephines were markedly hypocellular for age. Twenty two patients had an initial failed BMAT biopsy. Cytogenetic abnormalities were noted in 2 patients at presentation. The majority of patients had idiopathic AA, with no identifiable aetiology. Two patients had FA, and a PNH clone was demonstrable in 4 patients at presentation. Thirteen patients (16.3%) were HIV positive. Four patients were pregnant at the time of presentation and their outcomes varied. Different modalities of treatment were used, including observation, androgens, immunosuppressive therapy [ciclosporin (CSA) with/without anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)] and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Thirteen patients did not reach the clinical haematology unit, 35 patients are alive, 22 patients demised and 22 have been lost to follow up (LTFU). Two patients had clonal evolution to PNH and one to MDS.
Conclusion: The clinico-epidemiological profile of patients in this study is similar to that reported in the literature. A significant number of patients did not reach the clinical haematology unit at IALCH. An unusually high number of failed initial BMATs were performed at peripheral hospitals. HIV associated AA was not increased in this patient cohort
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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