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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Rekonstruksi konsep Tamkin sempurna sebagai penyebab kewajiban nafkah suami perspektif Ijtihad Maqasidi Abdullah bin Bayyah: Studi analisis pasal 80 ayat (5) Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Get PDFABSTRAK
Kompilasi Hukum Islam merupakan sumber materiil Hakim dalam memutuskan perkara di Pengadilan Agama. Akan tetapi, muatan substantif dalam KHI tersebut masih perlu untuk dikaji ulang. Salah satunya adalah masalah tamkin sempurna sebagai penyebab kewajiban nafkah isteri atas suami yang termaktub dalam Pasal 80 ayat (5) KHI. Sekalipun telah diatur dalam aturan tersebut, tetapi maknanya cenderung tidak mengikat. Sehingga membuat hakim terpaksa untuk melakukan interpretasi. Akibatnya, dengan kasus yang sama (gugatan nafkah) diputus dengan putusan yang berbeda, akibat penafsiran hakim pada frasa tamkin sempurna yang berbeda. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada aspek mengungkap kelemahan-kelemahan substantif dan upaya merekonstruksi pasal dan ayat tentang tamkin sempurna melalui tinjauan ijtihad maqasidi abdullah bin Bayyah.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan maqasidi. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer berupa Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan bahan hukum sekunder seputar kitab fikih dan putusan hakim yang berkaitan dengan tamkin sempurna serta kitab Abdullah bin Bayyah yang berkaitan dengan konsep maqasidnya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, dalam Pasal 80 ayat (5) KHI ditemukan kelemahan substantif yang meniscayakan untuk dilakukan rekonstruksi. Kelemahan tersebut adalah: 1) adopsi pendapat fikih secara tidak utuh; 2) substansi pasal yang mengarah pada keberlakuan makna secara umum; dan 3) interpretasi hakim beragam yang menimbulkan kerancuan pada makna hakikat. Kedua, dalam merekonstruksi pasal tersebut, diperlukan interpretasi fukaha dan hakim. Hasilnya, dari interpretasi tersebut dapat dirumuskan tentang definisi tamkin sempurna, indikatornya, syarat isteri mendapatkan nafkah, dan kondisi tidak terjadinya tamkin sempurna. Dalam tinjauan maqasid ditemukan bahwa metode yang digunakan dalam penetapan tamkin menggunakan sukut al-syari’ dan tergolong pada taraf wasilah ila maqsad tab’i. Sehingga dapat dirumuskan tiga ayat tambahan tentang definisi tamkin sempurna, indikatornya, dan persyaratan isteri untuk mendapatkan nafkah.
ABSTRACT
The Compilation of Islamic Law is the material basis for the Panel of Judges in deciding cases in the Religious Courts. However, the substantive content of the KHI still needs to be reviewed. One of them is the problem of perfect tamkin as the cause of the wife's obligation to support her husband which is contained in Chapter 80 section (5) KHI. Even though it has been regulated in these rules, the meaning tends to be non-binding. So that makes the judge forced to make an interpretation. As a result, the same case (living suit) was decided in a different decision, as a result of the judge's interpretation of the phrase perfect tamkin. The focus of this research is on the aspect of uncovering substantive weaknesses and efforts to reconstruct articles and verses about perfect appearance through a review of ijtihad maqasidi Abdullah bin Bayyah.
This research is a normative qualitative research using a conceptual approach and a maqasidi approach. The data sources used are primary legal materials in the form of Compilation of Islamic Law and secondary legal materials regarding books of fiqh and judge's decisions related to perfect tamkin and the book of Abdullah bin Bayyah related to the maqasid concept. Data collection techniques using the documentation method.
The results of the research show that: First, in Article 80 paragraph (5) KHI found substantive weaknesses that necessitate reconstruction. These weaknesses are: 1) incomplete adoption of fiqh opinions; 2) the substance of the article which leads to the applicability of the meaning in general; and 3) the judges' interpretations vary which causes confusion in the meaning of nature. Second, in reconstructing the article, it is necessary to interpret the jurists and judges. As a result, from this interpretation it can be formulated about the definition of perfect tamkian, its indicators, the conditions for the wife to earn a living, and the conditions for not having perfect tamkin. In the review of maqasid it was found that the method used in determining tamkin uses the al-syari syllable and belongs to the wasilah ila maqsad tab'i level. So that three additional paragraphs can be formulated regarding the definition of perfect tamkin, its indicators, and the wife's requirements for earning a living.
مستخلص البحث
مجموعة الأحكام الإسلامية هي مرجع مقرر لدى القضاة في المحكمة الدينية عند قرار الحكم. لكن، مضمونها يقتضي إلى الإعادة. ومما يقتضي إليها هو مسألة التمكين التام كسبب وجوب النفقة على الزوج المققر في فصل 80 رقم 5. بالرغم، مع أنه مقرر فيها، والمقصود غير مقيد حتى أن أدى الحاكم إلى الاستفسار. فإذا كان الأمر متساويا عن هذه المسألة، يسبب إلى تنوع القرار من الحكام بسبب استفسارهم المختلف. والغرض من هذا البحث هو كشف النواقص الضمنية وإعادة النظر في تحرير مفهوم التمكين التام بالنسبة إلى نظرية الاجتهاد المقاصدي عند عبد الله بن بيه.
هذا البحث بحث كيفي قانوني باستخدام المنظور المفهومي والمقاصدي. ومصادرالبيانات المستخدمة تحيط حول المواد الأساسية من مجموعة الأحكام الإسلامية التي تتعلق بالتمكين التام والمواد الثانوية من كتب الفقه وقرارات الحاكم المتعلقة به وكتب عبد الله بن بيه المتعلقة باجتهاده. وكيفية جمع البيانات بطريقة الملاحظة والتوثيق.
وحاصل البحث: أولا، في فصل 80 رقم 5 من مجموعة الأحكام الإسلامية توجد فيه النواقص الضمنية التي تقتضي إلى إعادة المفهوم. منها: 1) أخذ الأقوال الفقهية على سبيل النقصان؛ 2) مضمون الفصل يؤدي إلى المعنى العام؛ 3) استفسار الحاكم المتنوع يسبب فساد المعنى الحقيقي. ثانيا، وفي إعادته في النظر، يحتاج إلى استفسار الفقهاء والحكام. والحاصل: تحرير وضبط تعريف التمكين التام، وعناصره، والشروط المستحقة للزوجة في النفقة، والأحوال التي تنفي وجود التمكين. وفي ناحية المقاصد، يوجد أن المنهج المستخدم عند الفقهاء في إثبات التمكين هو دليل سكوت الشارع في حديث عائشة، وهو ينزل منزلة الوسيلة إلى المقصد التبعي. فتحرر ثلاث آيات زائدة مما يتضمن على تعريف التمكين التام، وعناصره، والشروط المستحقة لها في حصول النفقة
تعدد الزوجات في إندونيسيا في نظر القياس: دراسة تحليلة أصولية
Get PDFمستخلص البحث
قضية تعدد الزوجات هي قضية واقعية في إندونيسيا. وتكون قضية مشددة مستمرة في مجال الأسرة. وذلك مدفع على البواعث والعوامل الحاثة إلى تطبيقه، داخلية كانت أو خارجية. ومن ناحية القانون، هذه القضية التي أساسها مباح كثر تطبيقها بطريقة سيئة حتى إضرار الغير، سواء على الزوجة أو على الأولاد. التعدد في الحال ليس مؤيدا لعمل الإسلام، بل مظهرا الضرر والمفاسد الأعظم المؤثرة على رضة الفاعل. هذه القضية تليق بالتحليل بنظر القياس لكشف حكمه كي يكون أساسا واضحا في حكم الإسلام.
هذا البحث العلمي يندرج في جنس البحث المعياري المكتبي الذي يستخدم طريقة التحليل الأصولي بنظر القياس. ويستخدم البيانات الثانوية المحتوية على المواد الأساسية، والثانوية، والتكميلية. ويستخدم أيضا طريقة جمع المعلومات لكونها طريقة جمع البيانات وطريقة التحليل الوصفي الأصولي لكونها طريقة تحليل البيانات.
أما نتيجة هذا البحث فهو أن تطبيق تعدد الزوجات يؤثر آثارا سلبية على الزوجة والأولاد التي تنظر من ناحية الدين، والقانون، والاجتماع، والنفس. لكن، تظهر المفاسد ولا تجلب المصالح أعظم. وهذه القضية تليق للتحليل بقاعدة القياس، فألحق إلى الزواج المؤسس على عدم قدرة الزوج في استيفاء الحقوق الزوجية. إن فعل ذلك فحصل الضرر وفساد الأسرة. والعلة المحتوية فيه وجود عدم الباءة والإضرار. ولذلك، إن كان التعدد مبنيا على هذا الشأن فحكمه حرام شرعا.
ABSTRACT
The phenomenon of polygamy often occurs in Indonesia and is always used as a persistent and complicated issue in the family. This is driven by several factors, both internal and external from various parties to realize this practice. By law, the practice of polygamy, which is legal in origin, is often practiced illegally, to the point of injuring other parties, both second wives and children. Polygamy is not a reinforcement of deeds in Islam, instead it creates harm with traumatic effects for anyone who does it. This phenomenon really needs to be studied through a fiqh proposal approach through the perspective of kiyas in order to know the legal clarity of this practice so that it can be used as a legal basis in Islamic law.
This research is a qualitative normative research that uses a conceptual analysis approach using the Kiyas theory as a blade of analysis. Meanwhile, the legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. This study uses the documentation method as a data collection technique and descriptive analysis as a method of analysis.
The results of this study concluded that practically polygamy has a negative impact on wives and children in terms of religion, law, sociology, and psychology. However, the negative impacts (mafsadat) were very large and numerous. The polygamy problem fulfills the criteria to be analyzed with the Kiyas theory. The practice of polygamy like this can be analogous to marriage which is based on the husband's inability to fulfill his rights and obligations in the household. If you are forced to marry, it will cause danger and damage to the household. The illat that is contained is the inability of the husband to fulfill his desire and the potential for great danger. Thus, if polygamy is based and is carried out in a way that is not fair and causes danger, then polygamy is haram to be practiced.
ABSTRAK
Fenomena poligami sering terjadi di Indonesia dan selalu dijadikan sebagai isu pelik yang berkepanjangan dalam keluarga. Hal ini didorong dengan beberapa faktor, baik segi internal maupun eksternal dari berbagai pihak untuk merealisasikan praktik ini. Secara hukum, praktik poligami yang asalnya legal sering dipraktikkan secara ilegal, hingga menciderai pihak lain, baik istri kedua maupun anak. Poligami bukanlah menjadi penguatan amaliah dalam Islam, malah menimbulkan mara bahaya yang berefek traumatis bagi siapapun yang melakukannya. Fenomena ini sangat perlu dikaji melalui pendekatan usul fikih melalui perspektif kiyas agar diketahui kejelasan hukum dari praktik ini sehingga dapat dijadikan landasan hukum dalam hukum Islam.
Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif normatif yang menggunakan pendekatan analisis konseptual dengan memakai teori kiyas sebagai pisau analisis. Sedangkan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi sebagai teknik pengumpulan data dan analisis deskriptif sebagai metode analisanya.
Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa poligami secara praktik berdampak negatif bagi istri dan anak ditinjau dari segi agama, hukum, sosiologi, dan psikologi. Kendati demikian, dampak negatif (mafsadat) yang lahir sangat besar dan banyak. Adapun masalah poligami ini memenuhi kriteria untuk dianalisa dengan teori kiyas. Praktik poligami seperti ini dapat dianalogikan pada pernikahan yang dilandasi ketidak mampuan suami menunaikan hak dan kewajiban dalam rumah tangga. Jika tetap dipaksakan menikah maka akan menimbulkan bahaya dan rusaknya rumah tangga. Illat yang terkandung ialah adanya ketidak mampuan suami dalam memenuhi hajat serta potensi bahaya yang besar. Dengan demikian, jika poligami didasari dan dilakukan dengan cara yang tidak berlaku adil serta menimbulkan bahaya maka poligami haram dipraktikkan
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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