8 research outputs found
The attenuation of pain behaviour and serum interleukin-6 concentration by nimesulide in a rat model of neuropathic pain Author's personal copy
No full texta b s t r a c t Background: Evidence for a role of immune system in hyperalgesic pain states is increasing. Recent work in neuroimmunology suggests that the immune system does more than simply perform its well known functions of recognizing and removing invading pathogens and tumors. Interest in neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation has grown rapidly in recent years with the recognition of the role of central nervous system inflammatiom and immune responses in the aetiology of pain states. Among various theories, the role of inflammatory responses of the injured nerve has recently received attention. Cytokines are heterogenous group of polypeptides that activate the immune system and mediate inflammatory responses, acting on a variety of tissue, including the peripheral and central nervous system. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is potentially important in pain aetiology, have pronociceptive actions. Neuropathic pain may be due to a primary insult to the peripheral or central nervous system. Substances released during inflammation from immune cells play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Nimesulide, a highly selective cox-2 inhibitor, effectively reduces hyperalgesia due to peripherally administration of inflammatory agents like formalin. The safety of nimesulide was reported for some conditions in which other NSAIDs are contraindicated. Here we have determined the effect of nimesulide on pain behaviour and serum IL-6 level in chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. Methods: Experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats, (weight 150-200 g, n = 8). Rats were divided into 3 different groups: 1-CCI + saline 0.9% 2-Sham + saline 0.9% (control) 3-CCI + drug. Nimesulide (1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 1h before surgery and continued daily to day 14 post-ligation. 42 • C water for thermal hyperalgesia, von Frey filaments for mechanical allodynia, acetone test for cool allodynia and 10 • C water for cold hyperalgesia were respectively used as pain behavioural tests. Behavioural tests were recorded before surgery and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and the serum concentration of IL-6 was determined at the day 14. Results: The results of this study showed a decrease in hyperalgesia and allodynia following nimesulide administration. Conclusions: It appears that nimesulide was able to reduce pain behaviour due to nerve inflammation and a parallel decrease in the serum IL-6 concentration was observed. Implications: The immune system is an important mediator in the cascade of events that ultimately results in hyperalgesia. Cytokines contribute to the patheogenesis of neuropathic pain, therefore drugs that inhibit cytokine release from immune cells may reduce inflammatory pain states
Promoting physical activity among undergraduate nursing students during their medical-surgical rotation
No full textPurpose: Poor physical activity can often lead to chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Busy lifestyles and high stress levels observed among undergraduate student nurses often lead to poor maintenance of one’s physical health. This apparent problem of weight gain within nursing academia prompts our exploration of potential quality improvement strategies to counter this issue in nursing health and society.
Methodology: This study aims to develop a self-care regimen that includes regular physical activity, establish the feasibility of such an intervention, and implement it among a small sample group of ten students enrolled in an RN program in New Jersey. The intervention will include periodic participant interviews, diary entries, and physical fitness measurement (weight, BMI, and waist circumference) over the course of a typical 12-week term.
Results: By the end of the study, using participant interviews as well as quantitative data, we will gain a more complete understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of officially promoting a physical fitness regimen as part of a student nurse’s coursework.
Implications for Practice: This evaluation will provide new perspective on the mental health benefits and drawbacks of taking time for promoted physical activity while enrolled in coursework and simultaneously occupied by all of life’s responsibilities. By potentially improving nurses’ physical and mental health, we can hope to also make an impact on people with whom they work everyday and the practice as a whole.DNPIncludes bibliographical reference
The attenuation of pain behaviour and serum interleukin-6 concentration by nimesulide in a rat model of neuropathic pain
No full textAbstract
Background
Evidence for a role of immune system in hyperalgesic pain states is increasing. Recent work in neuroimmunology suggests that the immune system does more than simply perform its well known functions of recognizing and removing invading pathogens and tumors. Interest in neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation has grown rapidly in recent years with the recognition of the role of central nervous system inflammatiom and immune responses in the aetiology of pain states. Among various theories, the role of inflammatory responses of the injured nerve has recently received attention. Cytokines are heterogenous group of polypeptides that activate the immune system and mediate inflammatory responses, acting on a variety of tissue, including the peripheral and central nervous system. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is potentially important in pain aetiology, have pronociceptive actions. Neuropathic pain may be due to a primary insult to the peripheral or central nervous system. Substances released during inflammation from immune cells play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Nimesulide, a highly selective cox-2 inhibitor, effectively reduces hyperalgesia due to peripherally administration of inflammatory agents like formalin. The safety of nimesulide was reported for some conditions in which other NSAIDs are contraindicated. Here we have determined the effect of nimesulide on pain behaviour and serum IL-6 level in chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain.
Methods
Experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats, (weight 150–200 g, n = 8). Rats were divided into 3 different groups: 1-CCI + saline 0.9% 2Sham + saline 0.9% (control) 3CCI + drug. Nimesulide (1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected 1h before surgery and continued daily to day 14 post-ligation. 42 °C water for thermal hyperalgesia, von Frey filaments for mechanical allodynia, acetone test for cool allodynia and 10 °C water for cold hyperalgesia were respectively used as pain behavioural tests. Behavioural tests were recorded before surgery and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and the serum concentration of IL-6 was determined at the day 14.
Results
The results of this study showed a decrease in hyperalgesia and allodynia following nimesulide administration.
Conclusions
It appears that nimesulide was able to reduce pain behaviour due to nerve inflammation and a parallel decrease in the serum IL-6 concentration was observed.
Implications
The immune system is an important mediator in the cascade of events that ultimately results in hyperalgesia. Cytokines contribute to the patheogenesis of neuropathic pain, therefore drugs that inhibit cytokine release from immune cells may reduce inflammatory pain states.
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بررسي ترشح Transforming Growth Factor-beta2 از سلولهاي سرطاني تخمدان تيمارشده با عصارههاي آبي و الكلي و اسانس گياه دارويي زنيان
No full textBackground and Aim: Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link (called Zenian in Persian) is a native plant to Iran, Egypt, Afghanestan and India and it's aqueous and alcoholic extracts exert cytotoxic effects on human ovarian cancer cell cultures. Our aim was to study the Transforming Growth Factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) levels in supernatant of human ovarian cell [A2780, sensitive and resistant to Cisplatin] cultures treated with aqueous and alcoholic, and essential oil of dried seeds of Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link.
Materials and Methods: Human ovarian cancer cells (S and CP) treated with different concentrations (from 50 to 7000 µg/mL) of aqueous and alcoholic extracts. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test (MTT) and calculating cytotoxic percentage of each extracts after overnight incubation, non cytotoxic concentrations of extracts were selected.
Non cytotoxic concentrations of aqueous extract for treatment of sensitive cells were 50, 100, 200, and 1000 µg/mL; and for resistant cells were 50, 100, 200, and 2000 µg/mL. Non cytotoxic concentrations of alcoholic extract for treatment of sensitive and resistant cells were 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL. Essential oil excluded from the study because of its extremely cytotoxic effects on cells even with very low concentrations.
TGF-beta2 concentrations in supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were analyzed with comparing mean test. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically meaningful.
Results: Treatment of sensitive cells with 200 µg/mL, and resistant cells with 50 and 2000 µg/mL of aqueous extract associated with very less concentrations of TGF-beta in supernatants comparing with other extract concentrations (p<0.001).
But there was no meaningful association between the treatment of cells with alcoholic extract and TGF-beta2 concentrations in supernatants.
Conclusion: Treatment of human ovarian cancer cells (A2780, sensitive and resistant to Cisplatin) with some concentrations of aqueous extract associated with diminished levels of TGF-beta2 in supernatants comparing other concentrations.
Considering critical role of TGF-beta2 in growth and metastasis of tumor cells, further studies for determining the chemical components of aqueous extract and mechanism(s) of its effects on TGF-beta2 levels should be done.سابقه و هدف: طبق نتيجه يكي از مطالعات انجامشده در كشور، عصارههاي آبي و الكلي بذر گياه Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link (زنيان) كه بومي ايران، مصر، افغانستان و هندوستان ميباشد، بر سلولهاي سرطان تخمدان انساني، اثرات سايتوتوكسيك دارند. هدف اين مطالعه، بررسي اثرات غلظتهاي غيركشنده عصارههاي آبي و الكلي، و اسانس بذر گياه فوق بر ترشح فاكتور دگرگوني رشد- بتا- دو (transforming growth factor-beta2) از سلولهاي سرطان تخمدان انساني A2780 نوع حساس و مقاوم به درمان با داروي سيسپلاتين بود.
روش بررسي: دو نوع سلول سرطان تخمدان انساني (A2780) حساس و مقاوم به درمان با داروي سيسپلاتين، تحت تأثير غلظتهاي مختلف از عصارههاي آبي و الكلي بذر گياه زنيان (از 50 الي 7000 ميكروگرم بر ميليليتر)، قرار داده شدند؛ سپس با استفاده از روش MTT و محاسبه درصد كشندگي عصارهها، تنها غلظتهايي از عصارهها انتخاب شدند كه طي 24 ساعت انكوباسيون، فاقد اثر سايتوتوكسيك بر سلولها بودند. براي مجاورت عصاره آبي با سلولهاي حساس، غلظتهاي 50، 100، 200 و 1000 و براي مجاورت با سلولهاي مقاوم، غلظتهاي 50، 100، 200 و 2000 ميكروگرم بر ميليليتر انتخاب شدند. براي مجاورت عصاره الكلي با سلولهاي حساس و مقاوم، غلظتهاي 50، 100 و 200 ميكروگرم بر ميليليتر انتخاب شدند. به علت سايتوتوكسيك بودن اسانس حتي با غلظتهاي بسيار اندك، اين ماده از مطالعه حذف شد. سوپرناتانت محيطهاي كشت با تكنيك الايزا از نظر غلظت TGF-beta2 مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. نتايج، با تست آزمون مقايسه ميانگينها آناليز شدند. مقدار p كمتر از 0/05 معنيدار تلقي شد.
يافتهها: تيمار سلولهاي حساس، با غلظت 200 ميكروگرم بر ميليليتر و همچنين تيمار سلولهاي مقاوم با غلظتهاي 50 و 2000 ميكروگرم بر ميليليتر از عصاره آبي با غلظتهاي TGF-beta2 بسيار كمتري در سوپرناتانت نسبت به ساير غلظتها همراه بود (0/001>p). ولي در اثر تيمار سلولها با غلظتهاي مختلفي از عصاره الكلي، اختلاف معنيداري در غلظت TGF-beta2 در بين سوپرناتانتها ملاحظه نشد.
نتيجهگيري: تيمار سلولهاي سرطان تخمدان انساني (A2780، از نوع حساس و مقاوم به سيسپلاتين) با غلظتهاي خاصي از عصاره آبي، با غلظتهاي بمراتب كمتري از TGF-beta2 در سوپرناتانت محيط كشت همراه بود. با توجه به نقش مهم TGF-beta2 در رشد و متاستاز سلولهاي سرطاني، مطالعات تكميلي بررسيكننده تركيب شيميايي عصاره آبي و سازوكار كمتربودن سطح TGF-beta2 در سوپرناتانت، به روشنشدن نوع ارتباط عصاره آبي بذر گياه زنيان با TGF-beta2 و اثرات احتمالي آن در كنترل رشد و متاستاز سلولهاي سرطاني تخمدان كمك خواهند كرد
Dynamic Distribution of 67Ga-Bleomycin Complex and Carrier Free 67Gallium in Normal Mice
No full textThis study reports the labeling of Gallium-Bleomycin (67Ga-BLM) complex
as a radiopharmaceutical and optimization of its labeling conditions;
pH, reaction time, temperature, concentration of bleomycin and its
biodistribution in normal Bulb C mice. The biodistribution of the
complex was compared with 67Ga-Cl3 in 11 selected organs including
blood, liver, lung, spleen, muscle, skin, heart, kidney, colon, colon
content, and bladder at five selected times of 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours
after injection. Cyclotron produced 67Gallium was labeled with
bleomycin under Thakur method. The optimized pH condition was found 2
at temperature of 90°C for reaction temperature of 30 minutes when
0.5 mg of bleomycin was mixed with 1 mCi of 67Ga-Cl3. Pharmacokinetic
data indicated higher uptakes of 67Ga-BLM in all 11 tissues except
blood, liver and spleen in comparison with 67Ga-Cl3. The average of
total uptakes from 67Ga-BLM and 67Ga-Cl3 radiopharmaceuticals at one
hour after injection were 73.35% and 53.55% then reduced to 14.55% and
25.2% after 48 hours respectively. The blood uptake of 67Ga-Cl3 was
higher than 67Ga-BLM in all time intervals. Bladder uptake of 67Ga-BLM
was highest among 11 tissues at all time intervals but the uptake of
67Ga-Cl3 was only highest at first hour after the injection. The
results indicated the high stability of the complex both in-vitro and
in-vivo, and yet excreted faster than carrier free 67Gallium. The
effective half life of 67Ga-BLM complex was found 48.15 hours
Carbamazepine effects on pain management and serum IL-6, IL-10 evaluation in addicted patients undergoing surgery
No full textDynamic Distribution of 67Ga-Bleomycin Complex and Carrier Free 67Gallium in Normal Mice
No full textThis study reports the labeling of Gallium-Bleomycin (67Ga-BLM) complex
as a radiopharmaceutical and optimization of its labeling conditions;
pH, reaction time, temperature, concentration of bleomycin and its
biodistribution in normal Bulb C mice. The biodistribution of the
complex was compared with 67Ga-Cl3 in 11 selected organs including
blood, liver, lung, spleen, muscle, skin, heart, kidney, colon, colon
content, and bladder at five selected times of 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours
after injection. Cyclotron produced 67Gallium was labeled with
bleomycin under Thakur method. The optimized pH condition was found 2
at temperature of 90°C for reaction temperature of 30 minutes when
0.5 mg of bleomycin was mixed with 1 mCi of 67Ga-Cl3. Pharmacokinetic
data indicated higher uptakes of 67Ga-BLM in all 11 tissues except
blood, liver and spleen in comparison with 67Ga-Cl3. The average of
total uptakes from 67Ga-BLM and 67Ga-Cl3 radiopharmaceuticals at one
hour after injection were 73.35% and 53.55% then reduced to 14.55% and
25.2% after 48 hours respectively. The blood uptake of 67Ga-Cl3 was
higher than 67Ga-BLM in all time intervals. Bladder uptake of 67Ga-BLM
was highest among 11 tissues at all time intervals but the uptake of
67Ga-Cl3 was only highest at first hour after the injection. The
results indicated the high stability of the complex both in-vitro and
in-vivo, and yet excreted faster than carrier free 67Gallium. The
effective half life of 67Ga-BLM complex was found 48.15 hours
