1,720,985 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The effectiveness of pulsed electrical stimulation in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee
Get PDFOsteoarthritis of the knee is a chronic disease leading to considerable burden on health. Pain, while not always present is the most prominent clinical feature and the cause of significant disability. There are a wide variety of treatment options available to patients, many with substantial side effects or contraindications for use. However, these options have modest effects at best and target symptoms rather than the disease.Pulsed electrical stimulation (PES) is an electrotherapy treatment modality using capacitively coupled, pulsed, monophasic current with a frequency of 100Hz, delivered at sub-sensory intensity. It has been reported to produce positive outcomes for pain, function and physician global assessment in short-term randomised controlled trials (four and 12 weeks) and longer term longitudinal studies. It is relatively inexpensive, non-pharmaceutical, non-invasive and has few side effects. Despite all this its use is not widespread. In addition, PES has a putative disease-modifying action through its ability to stimulate chondrocyte activity and type II collagen formation.The aim of this doctoral research was to investigate the effectiveness of PES in treating osteoarthritis of the knee by measuring pain, function, patient global assessment, quality of life and physical activity over a period of 26 weeks.In order to do this, an initial pilot study using commercially available PES equipment was conducted. The aims of this small study following three participants over 16 weeks were to investigate whether reported improvement was maintained over the longer period of time and to pilot test the materials, process and equipment being considered for a subsequent randomised controlled trial. This study provided evidence to suggest that the longer term randomised controlled trial was warranted.The next phase of this doctoral research centred around the development of the PES and placebo-PES equipment. Initial testing of the equipment that was made to replicate the parameters reported in the literature produced unacceptable adverse skin reactions. As a consequence, further consideration was given to electrical treatment parameters and a second prototype containing pulsed, asymmetrically biphasic current with a frequency of 100Hz was developed and tested.A cross-sectional study of 25 healthy adults with no contraindications to electrotherapy was undertaken to compare the rate of adverse skin reactions after using the replicated monophasic device with that after using the asymmetrically biphasic device. These rates were also compared with the rates of adverse skin reactions cited in the PES literature. Thirteen (52%) participants experienced an adverse skin reaction after using the monophasic prototype device, while one (4%) participant demonstrated an adverse skin reaction after using the biphasic prototype device. Additionally, the rate for the monophasic prototype differed significantly from the reported rates in three of the four published studies (p<0.04). These results gave strong support for the use of the biphasic current in the proposed randomised controlled trial.In order to investigate the effectiveness of PES in treating people with osteoarthritis of the knee, a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, repeated measures trial was undertaken over 26 weeks. Seventy people were randomised to either the PES or placebo group. Outcome measures included pain, function, patient global assessment, quality of life, physical activity and global perceived effect. At the end of the study at 26 weeks, there was a statistically significant improvement in pain visual analogue scale (p≤0.001) in both groups. However, there was no difference between the groups (mean change difference 0.9mm; 95% confidence interval -11.7mm to 12.5mm). Similarly no differences were found between the groups in any of the other outcome variables. These results conclude that in this particular sample of people with mild to moderate symptoms and impairment, and moderate to severe radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee, PES used over 26 weeks was no better than placebo.Osteoarthritis of the knee is a chronic condition. People suffering pain and disability from the disease need to be able to make informed choices about best available treatment options. This doctoral research provides independent evidence of the effectiveness of PES. In doing so it adds to the body of evidence available to assist those with osteoarthritis and their health care providers in making treatment choices
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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