1,720,968 research outputs found
Meta-analysis on the effects of high-intensity training and a high-protein diet on body composition, muscle metabolism and muscle strength in overweight adults
No full textThe increase in high-intensity training (HIT) guidelines and the use of hyperproteic diets (HPDs) as a treatment of excess weight in adults have generated interest in their effects on body composition, metabolic profile and muscular strength. So, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of HIT together with an HPD on the body composition, muscle metabolism and muscle strength of overweight or obese subjects. According to that, a standardized search of randomized controlled trials was carried out considering: 1) application of a HIT protocol, 2) compliance with an HPD and 3) their combined application in non-active overweight or obese subjects. Screening was then carried out by two independent researchers, following the criteria in the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Data was extracted from the 8 studies selected which were systematically reviewed, and subsequent meta-analysis was performed. A statistically significant decrease in body fat (6 studies which included n=294 subjects; MD -0.56 kg; 95% CI -0.90 to -0.22 kg; p=0.001; I2 =18%; Χ2=6.08; p=0.30) and an increase in lean body mass (7 studies which included n=370 subjects; MD 0.37 kg; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.72 kg; p=0.04; I2 =55%; Χ2=13.42; p=0.04) were detected. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the significance of these results. No statistically significant changes were observed in any of the other variables studied. Despite the statistically significant decrease in body fat and increase in lean body mass, not statistically or clinically significant improvements were observed in the other variables, not even in those where favorable changes had been reported in previous studies. For obtaining more conclusive results in future meta-analysis, it will be necessary to carry out new studies with less variable and better-defined HIT and HPD protocols in order to increase comparability. These studies should control subjects’ diet conveniently, especially protein and energy intake
Desarrollo y aplicación de un sistema de información para la elaboración de tablas de composición de alimentos
Get PDF[spa] Las tablas de composición de alimentos (TCA) son herramientas imprescindibles para evaluar la alimentación de los individuos o poblaciones con la finalidad de establecer cuales son sus necesidades y, conociendo estas, planificar su alimentación. Normalmente, se elaboran destinadas a un ámbito nacional ya que cada país tiene sus particularidades en cuanto a los alimentos consumidos. Las TCA se pueden elaborar mediante tres métodos diferentes: el directo, el indirecto y el combinado. El primero consiste en la planificación y ejecución de un plan de muestreo y análisis. El segundo, en la recopilación y escrutinio de datos de composición ya existentes. El tercero consiste en aplicar el método directo para los alimentos que tienen un mayor peso en la alimentación de la población y el método indirecto para aquellos que tienen un peso menor. En España existen diferentes TCA publicadas, pero en general presentan los siguientes inconvenientes: 1) Están basadas en datos antiguos. 2) Las fuentes de datos no están bien documentadas. 3) Los componentes no están bien documentados. Estos problemas limitan la fiabilidad de los datos y su comparabilidad. Estos problemas pueden ser debidos al hecho que no se ha profundizado suficientemente en el desarrollo de métodos para compilar TCA. El objetivo principal de la tesis fue desarrollar y aplicar un método de trabajo para compilar datos de composición de alimentos en una base de datos de composición de alimentos (BDCA) y generar a partir de ésta una TCA españoles destinada al análisis nutricional de la alimentación de poblaciones e individuos. Para conseguir este objetivo se marcaron los siguientes objetivos secundarios: 1) Desarrollar un SI para compilar datos de composición; 2) Desarrollar un método de evaluación de los datos; 3) Diseñar una aplicación informática para el tratamiento de la información recopilada; 4) Finalmente, generar una TCA sin valores desconocidos que ofrezca datos de composición para el máximo de componentes y alimentos. El método seguido para compilar la BDCA es el indirecto y su desarrollo implicó el diseño y elaboración de todo un Sistema de Información (SI). Éste constaba de dos subsistemas: uno de Archivo en el cual los datos estaban en soporte papel, y otro Informático en el cual los datos se encontraban en una base de datos. Se aplicaron algunas de las recomendaciones y códigos propuestos por INFOODS y EUROFOODS. Los datos recopilados procedentes de diferentes fuentes eran introducidos en unos formularios donde se convertían a unidades y formas de expresión estándar y eran evaluados siguiendo un sistema de puntuaciones diseñado específicamente. Posteriormente los datos se introducían dentro del sistema informático donde eran seleccionados y/o agregados para pasar a formar parte de la base de datos destinada a los usuarios. Los valores desconocidos eran estimados siguiendo un protocolo pre-establecido. A partir de datos extraídos de esta base de datos se elaboró una TCA impresa sin valores desconocidos. Además, pudieron extraerse algunas observaciones importantes respecto a las recomendaciones INFOODS y EUROFOODS. El SI elaborado permite una actualización continua de la base de datos y la documentación completa de todos los valores.[eng] Food composition tables (FCT) are basic tools in the nutritional assessment of individuals or populations in order to establish which are their necessities in terms of nutrient intake and, once established these, FCT are used for planning food and nutrient intakes. Three different methods for elaborating a FCT have been distinguished: direct, indirect and the combination method. Spanish FCT presents three main disadvantages: 1) They contain rather old food composition data; 2) Data sources are not documented properly; 3) Components are not documented adequately. These inconveniences limit reliability and comparability of results obtained using Spanish FCT. So, the main objective of this thesis were to develop and deploy a system to compile food composition data in a food composition data base, and generate a FCT appropriate for its use in the nutritional assessment of populations and individuals. To accomplish this objective, four specific objectives were established: 1) To develop an information system for compiling food composition data; 2) To develop a method for assessing the quality of data; 3) To design a software for the treatment of the compiled information; 4) To generate a FCT without unknown values. The food composition data base was compiled using the indirect method. The information system elaborated consist of an archival system and computer programme. Some of the recommendations and codes proposed by INFOODS and EUROFOODS were applied. Data gathered from different sources were introduced in forms where they were converted to standard units and modes of expression and evaluated following the scoring system designed. Then, data were introduced in the computer programme where they were selected or aggregated. Unknown values were estimated following pre-established procedures, and the user database were finally generated. Some important observations were extracted from the application of INFOODS and EUROFOODS recommendations. The information system created allows a continuos actualization of the data base and the complete documentation of values
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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