196,454 research outputs found
Colesevelam hydrochloride : usefulness of a specifically engineered bile acid sequestrant for lowering LDL-cholesterol
No full textSeveral recent meta-analyses of numerous lipid-lowering outcome trials confirm the direct relationship between low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering and cardiovascular risk reduction. As a consequence, LDL-C goals are continuously being set lower. To achieve lipid lowering, several efficient drugs are available, however, the current pharmacopoeia remains limited for some critical patient situations. Colesevelam hydrochloride is a specifically engineered bile acid sequestrant that features a more favourable tolerability and drug interaction profile than traditional bile acid sequestrants, because of a better affinity and binding capacity to bile acids. In addition, colesevelam retains the nonsystemic mode of action of bile acid sequestrants. Moreover, colesevelam lowers LDL-C by 15-19% and 10-16%, respectively, in monotherapy and in combination to various lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, ezetimibe and fenofibrates. Along with an efficient and sustainable effect on lipid profiles, colesevelam - as other bile acid sequestrants - has been shown to lower the glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c by 0.5% on average in patients with type 2 diabetes. Overall, colesevelam represents an interesting add-on treatment to be used in high-risk patients with hypercholesterolaemia for whom standard lipid-lowering therapies are not enough or not well tolerate
Ctenarytaina bipartita Burckhardt, Farnier, Queiroz, Taylor & Steinbauer, 2013, sp. n.
No full textCtenarytaina bipartita sp. n. (Figs 1–13) Material examined. Holotype 3, Australia: Victoria, Battery Creek, 146 ° 7 ’ 42.3 ”E, 38 ° 42 ’ 51.5 ”S, 144 m above sea level, 7 March 2012, planted Eucalyptus kitsoniana (K. Farnier & M.J. Steinbauer), bred in greenhouse in LTUV (ANIC, dry mounted). Paratypes. Australia: Australian Capital Territory: 1 3, 1 Ƥ, Canberra, 13 September 1959 (V.F. Eastop), 1960 - 144 (BMNH, slide mounted). – New South Wales: 6 3, 2 Ƥ, Orange, Dalton Street roundabout, 149 ° 6 ’ 25.8 ”E, 33 ° 16 ’ 31.1 ”S, 866 m above sea level, 15 March 2012, Eucalyptus viminalis (D. Burckhardt) (NHMB, dry mounted); – Tasmania: 3 3, 5 Ƥ, Hobart, 3 December 1986, Eucalyptus viminalis (D. Burckhardt) (MHNG, NHMB, dry and slide mounted); 4 3, 1 Ƥ, same but Marion Bay, West of Copping, 13 December 1986, various trees (MHNG, dry mounted); 2 Ƥ, same but 10 km South of Bronte, 10 December 1986, Eucalyptus spp. (MHNG, dry mounted); 1 Ƥ, Weegena, 9 June 1959, Eucalyptus (V.F. Eastop) VFE 7674, 1960- 144 (BMNH, slide mounted). – Victoria: 8 3, 12 Ƥ, 26 larvae, same data as holotype (ANIC, ELEF, LTUV, MHNG, NHMB, dry and slide mounted and in ethanol); 13 3, 12 Ƥ, same data but (G.S. Taylor & M.J. Steinbauer) (WINC, dry mounted and in ethanol); 8 Ƥ, 22 larvae (5 th instar 12, 4th instar 1, 3rd 4, 2nd 1, 1st 4), Hoddle Range, 146 ° 7 ’ 55.6 ”E, 38 ° 43 ’ 0.9 ”S, 254 m above sea level, 19 October 2011, planted E. kitsoniana (K. Farnier & M.J. Steinbauer) (LTUV, dry mounted); 5 3, 5 Ƥ, 125 larvae, nr Portland, Oakleys Rd, 141 ° 31 ’ 6.4 ”E, 38 ° 19 ’ 55.5 ”S, 7 May 2012, roadside reveg planting of E. kitsoniana and E. viminalis (M.J. Steinbauer), (WINC, in ethanol); 1 3, 110 larvae, same but 7 May 2012; 1 larva, nr Portland, Post Office Rd, 147 ° 20 ’ 33.1 ”E, 38 ° 12 ’6.0”S, 8 May 2012, naturally seeded seedling of E. kitsoniana (M.J. Steinbauer) (WINC, in ethanol). Description. Adult (Figs 1–4). Colouration. When alive bright orange to light brown (Fig. 14); eyes reddish. In dry mounted specimens head and pronotum light orange-brown, preocular tubercule and genal processes yellowish. Antennal segments 1 and 2 yellowish, 5–7 light brown, 8–10 dark brown to almost black. Thorax light reddish brown. Forewing with yellow to light brown veins; membrane semitransparent, indistinctly yellowish. Hindwing transparent, whitish. Legs brown, tibiae whitish, abdominal tergites brown, ventrites dirty whitish or yellowish, membranes reddish. Terminalia yellowish to light ochreous. Young specimens generally lighter in colour. Structure. Head (Fig. 5) strongly deflexed from longitudinal body axis; preocular sclerite forming distinct tubercule; genal processes about one third as long as vertex along mid-line, conical, subacute, contiguous in the middle in basal half; completely enveloping the median ocellus basally. Antenna short, 0.87–0.95 times head width, with a single subapical rhinarium on each of segments 4, 6, 8 and 9; segment 10 with one long curved apical seta, which is about as long as segment 10, and a very short truncate seta. Forewing (Fig. 6) oblong-oval, 2.54–2.84 times as long as head width, 2.64 – 2.28 times as long as broad, more or less evenly rounded apically; pterostigma relatively broad, broadest near the middle; costal break present. Vein C+Sc very weakly, evenly curved, cell c+sc narrow; vein Rs almost straight, vein M long with short, widely diverging branches, vein Cu 1 b relatively long, evenly curved, in males reaching the margin at the point of bifurcation of vein M, in females often beyond point of bifurcation. Surface spinules present in all cells, forming irregular cellular pattern. Mesotibia with a subapical, longitudinal row of stout setae. Metacoxa with small, straight, weakly narrowing, apically blunt meracanthus. Metatibia longer than metafemur, 0.54–0.56 times as long as head width, with 5 almost equidistant short, strongly sclerotised apical spurs. Metabasitarsus with 2 small lateral sclerotised spurs. Male terminalia (Figs. 7, 8) with basal segment of proctiger, in profile, without conspicuous stout pointed seta at the distal posterior angle; apical segment thin, tubular, 0.54–0.62 times length of basal segment; subgenital plate relatively small, triangular, in profile, with concave dorsal margin and longitudinal row of lateral setae. Paramere (Figs. 9, 14) lamellar, weakly curved forward with small finger-like process in basal third of hind margin, subacute apically; outer face sparsely covered in long setae, inner face with a group of thick setae apically and along fore margin, as well as a row of closely spaced peg-like setae starting from about apical third of the hind margin to the base; from behind, fingerlike process visible as narrow lobe with straight inner margin. Distal portion of aedeagus (Figs. 10, 15) with apical third or half imperceptibly inflated, apex narrowly rounded, sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius small, sshaped. Female terminalia (Fig. 11) with proctiger 0.77 – 0.70 times as long as head width, 2.83–3.27 times as long as circumanal ring, 1.75–1.89 times as long as subgenital plate; dorsal margin of proctiger strongly concave, apical half of proctiger forming narrow process, truncate at apex, and bearing two lateral rows of small peg-like setae over four fifths of its length. Subgenital plate 0.44–0.57 times as long as proctiger, in profile broadly triangular at base, strongly narrowing in apical third. Valvulae dorsalis and ventralis moderately curved. Measurements in mm (3 3, 3 Ƥ). Head width 0.49–0.58, Antenna length 0.46–0.51, forewing length 1.29–1.60, length of basal segment of male proctiger 0.16, length of distal segment of male proctiger 0.09–0.10, paramere length 0.11–0.14, length of distal portion of aeeagus 0.18–0.21, female proctiger length 0.43–0.45. Fifth instar larva (Fig. 16). Coloration. Larvae orange when alive; dirty whitish with yellowish or greyish sclerites when preserved in 70 % ethanol. Tip of antenna and tarsi dark brown, compound eyes red. Dorsum of head yellowish anteriorly. Abdomen with yellow mycetome visible in basal third. Structure. Body (Fig. 13) elongate, weakly sclerotised, 1.63–1.72 times as long as wide. Antenna indistinctly 9 -segmented, a single rhinarium present on each of segments 3, 5, 7 and 8. Forewing pad 1.58–1.60 times as long as antenna. Tarsal arolium oval, lacking pedicel and unguitractor, shorter than claws. Caudal plate (Fig. 12) angular, truncate apically, 0.71–0.91 times as long as wide. Circumanal ring terminal, small, consisting of a single row of pores. Additional pore fields present in the form of circular groups of 6–20 pores each; groups arranged in two irregular half circles on either side of caudal plate (Figs. 12 (large arrows), 16), anterior semicircle in anterior third of caudal plate, posterior in posterior third. Lanceolate marginal setae (Figs. 12 (small arrows), 16) forming three irregular groups in about basal third, in the middle and adjacent to circumanal ring. Measurements in mm (4 larvae). Body length 1.04–1.29, antenna length 0.28–0.31. Etymology. From Latin bipartitus = divided in two parts, referring to the paramere consisting of two lobes. Biology. In southern Victoria, adults were found on native and planted Eucalyptus kitsoniana and E. viminalis between October (mid spring) and early May (mid autumn). In Tasmania, adults were collected in December on Eucalyptus viminalis and by general sweeping on various plants including Eucalyptus pauciflora and unidentified eucalypt species. A single female was collected in June on Eucalyptus sp. The series from the ACT was found in September and that from New South Wales in March on E. viminalis. Adults appear feeding on juvenile foliage and are usually most abundant in opening leaf buds and on very recently expanded leaves. Adults spend most of the time feeding and usually disperse only when disturbed. Mating occurs at feeding sites (Fig. 17). Eggs are most often deposited inside closed apical buds. Females may be induced to lay by insertion of the ovipositor into tight crevices, e.g. between pairs of leaves. In the field, on planted hosts in Victoria, larvae were found between October and May inside apical buds and never on expanding leaves. Densities are typically low (5.9 ± 0.8 larvae per bud, n = 63 observations from seven trees), only rarely reaching high numbers (e.g. 38 larvae in a bud). Larvae produce wax strands (Figs. 18, 19) similar to those of C. eucalypti. Honeydew is encapsulated in the flocculent waxy material (Figs. 18, 19). High numbers of larvae in closed apical leaf pairs induce leaf rolls (Fig. 20). Condensation can be observed inside leaf rolls when opened indicating that they provide larvae with high humidity microhabitats in which to develop. Severely distorted young leaves often do not expand normally (Fig. 20). Leaf rolling was not observed in the field when larval densities were low, e.g. <5 larvae per leaf. In the laboratory larvae reach maturity within three weeks when reared under a 20: 10 °C for 12: 12 hours temperature regime. Mummified larvae with serrated exit holes have been observed in the wild suggesting that the species is attacked by parasitoid wasps. A regular psyllid infestation of small E. kitsoniana seedlings was observed in a nursery (F. Smolders, pers comm.). This population is currently in greenhouse culture at LTUV.Published as part of Burckhardt, Daniel, Farnier, Kevin, Queiroz, Dalva L., Taylor, Gary S. & Steinbauer, Martin J., 2013, Ctenarytaina bipartita sp. n. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), a new eucalypt psyllid from Southeast Australia, pp. 589-596 in Zootaxa 3613 (6) on pages 590-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.6.5, http://zenodo.org/record/22171
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Ctenarytaina bipartita sp. n. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), a new eucalypt psyllid from Southeast Australia
No full textCtenarytaina bipartita sp.n., associated with Eucalyptus kitsoniana and E. viminalis, is described from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria. It differs from other described Ctenarytaina species in the paramere which bears a small posterior lobe. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. Information on the biology is also given. C. bipartita has the potential to become an exported pest species to countries with significant eucalypt plantations.Daniel Burckhardt, Kevin Farnier, Dalva L. Queiroz, Gary S. Taylor & Martin J. Steinbauerhttp://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/z03613p596f.pd
Combination therapy in dyslipidemia : where are we now?
No full textLowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease: each 1.0mmol/L (38.7mg/dL) reduction in LDL-C reduces the incidence of major coronary events, coronary revascularizations, and ischemic stroke by approximately 20%. Statins are a well-established treatment option for dyslipidemia, with LDL-C reduction in the range of 27-55%.Several lipid goal-driven guidelines recommend reducing LDL-C to <2.59mmol/L (100mg/dL) or <1.81mmol/L (70mg/dL) in very high-risk patients. Many patients treated with statins do not reach these goals, and remain at risk of future cardiovascular events. The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines move away from advocating LDL-C treatment targets with focus placed on identifying patients most likely to benefit from high-intensity or moderate-intensity statin therapy.While increasing the statin dose can prove efficacious in some patients, this approach typically offers limited additional LDL-C lowering, and is associated with increased incidence of adverse side effects. Indeed, this has led to the investigation of statins in combination with other lipid-modifying agents for the treatment of dyslipidemia.This review of the evidence for statin use in combination with fibrates, niacin, bile acid sequestrants, and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, in dyslipidemic patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, explores the impact of such combination therapies on lipids, attainment of lipid targets, inflammatory markers, and on cardiovascular outcomes and pathology. Additionally, new and emerging dyslipidemia treatments are summarized
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
Anoeconeossa bundoorensis sp n., a new psyllid (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) from Southeast Australia
No full textAnoeconeossa bundoorensis sp. n. is described from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) from southern Victoria in Southeast Australia. It is placed in the A. communis Taylor species-group as the paramere lacks combs of black rods. It differs from other members of the species-group, A. communis and A. bullata Taylor as it lacks an anterobasal expansion on the paramere and from A. unicornuta Taylor as the inner horn-shaped process of the paramere is reduced to a short spine and the apical expansion is more elongate, with a corresponding greater length of equidistant setae. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. In-formation on the biology is presented.Gary S. Taylor, Kevin Farnier, Daniel Burckhardt & Martin J. Steinbaue
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