1,721,014 research outputs found
Managing complications in cirrhotic patients.
No full textLiver cirrhosis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. This life-threatening condition usually arises from complications of cirrhosis. While variceal bleeding is the most acute and probably best studied, several other complications of liver cirrhosis are more insidious in their onset but nevertheless more important for the long-term management and outcome of these patients. This review summarizes the topics discussed during the UEG-EASL Hepatology postgraduate course of the United European Gastroenterology Week 2013 and discusses emergency surgical conditions in cirrhotic patients, the management of hepatic encephalopathy, ascites and hepatorenal syndrome, coagulation disorders, and liver cancer
La souffrance hépatocytaire au cours des hépatectomies n'est pas liée au clampage pédiculaire.
No full textIntroduction
L'augmentation des transaminases après hépatectomie est considérée comme un marqueur fiable de la souffrance hépatocytaire et le clampage pédiculaire comme le principal responsable de cette souffrance. Plusieurs études n'ont cependant pas trouvé de corrélation stricte entre la cytolyse postopératoire et la durée du clampage. Nous avons donc étudié de façon prospective la cinétique des transaminases durant et après une hépatectomie majeure.
Matériels et Méthodes
Entre Juin 2003 et Avril 2004, 52 patients, âgés de 53 ± 14 ans, ayant eu une hépatectomie droite élective et sans geste associé, ont été inclus dans cette étude. Deux des auteurs (VT et AB) ont réalisé des prélèvements sanguins séquentiels pour dosage des transaminases (AST et ALT) avant l'incision, avant la section parenchymateuse, avant la fermeture, puis à J1, 2, 5 et 7 postopératoires. L'hépatectomie a été réalisée sous clampage intermittent (15 à 64 minutes, moyenne 37) chez 42 patients et sans clampage chez 10 patients. Ces deux groupes de patients étaient comparables.
Résultats
Les concentrations d'AST et d'ALT étaient respectivement de 28 ± 8 et 30 ± 10 avant l'incision, de 152 ± 83 et 144 ± 116 avant la section parenchymateuse et de 304 ± 186 et 273 ± 187 avant la fermeture. Les concentrations avant la fermeture étaient comparables chez les patients ayant ou n'ayant pas eu de clampage pédiculaire (AST : 308 ± 194 vs 290 ± 156 et ALT : 273 ± 187 vs 275 ± 198). Les concentrations postopératoires de transaminases étaient également comparables chez les patients ayant ou n'ayant pas eu de clampage (AST J1 302 ± 118 vs 303 ± 133, J2 165 ± 70 vs 181 ± 85, J5 74 ± 32 vs 76 ± 43, J7 57 ± 18 vs 55 ± 17 ; ALT J1 326 ± 148 vs 286 ± 100, J2 258 ± 148 vs 215 ± 69, J5 135 ± 59 vs 114 ± 53, J7 83 ± 43 vs 84 ± 30).
Conclusion
Au cours des hépatectomies, les transaminases augmentent précocement, avant la section parenchymateuse et leur cinétique postopératoire n'est pas influencée par le clampage pédiculaire. Ces résultats suggèrent que la souffrance hépatocytaire, au cours des hépatectomies, peut avoir d'autres causes que l'ischémie reperfusion
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
INTRA-OPERATIVE LIVER INJURY IS NOT ONLY RELATED TO VASCULAR CLAMPING
No full textINTRODUCTION AND AIM: It is widely accepted that during liver resections parenchymal ischemia is induced by vascular clamping and assessed on days 1 and 2 by the postoperative increase of serum transaminase level (ALT). This prospective study aimed to identify early changes in ALT level during resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From June 2003, 52 patients (aged 53±14 years) with an elective right hepatectomy, including 42 with intermittent clamping for a mean duration of 37 min (range 15–64), were included. Blood samples were collected during operation (before incision, before liver transection and before abdominal closure) and postoperatively, on days 1, 2, 5 and 7. RESULTS: During operation mean ALT level was 30±10 before incision; 144±116 before transection and 273±187 before abdominal closure. ALT level before abdominal closure was not statistically different in the groups with or without clamping (273±187 vs 275±198). Postoperative mean ALT level was 318±140 on day 1 and 249±137 on day 2 without significant difference according to the presence or not of clamping (326±148 vs 286±100 on day 1 and 258±148 vs 215±69). The mean ALT level before abdominal closure reflected the mean ALT level on day 1 (273±187 vs 318±140). CONCLUSION: During liver resection, the ALT level started to increase early, before parenchymal transection and was not affected by the presence of clamping. The peak of ALT level, which can be anticipated at the end of the procedure, seems to be related to factors other than ischemia-reperfusion injury
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
