41 research outputs found
Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock
No full textThe growth in the use and wear of Ti-based alloy components in mining and offshore explorations has led to a search for techniques to re-engineer such components for reuse. The most desirable method of restoring/protecting the component surfaces is by hard-facing to enhance longevity in service.
Laser cladding is one of the viable techniques to achieve a thick coating on such components which involves the addition of reinforcing particulates to improve surface properties such as hardness, wear and erosion resistance amongst others. A fundamental study and understanding of the resultant microstructure-property of the laser clad, hard-facing composite becomes necessary.
In this study, laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V wire with Spherotene particulate reinforcement and laser cladding of modified pre-blend of Ti-6Al-4V and TiB_2 powder were undertaken. The resulting physical and microstructural characteristics, hardness, and performance characteristics of laser clad composites were investigated. Samples from the as-deposited laser clad composites were characterised using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (with chemical microanalysis) and X-ray diffraction. Performance characteristics were examined via erosion testing of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene using plain and abrasive water jetting, and tensile testing of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/TiB_2 composite.
The results showed that a crack and pore free clad containing as high as 76 wt.% Spherotene in the Ti matrix was achieved at an energy density of 150 J.mm^-2, 275 mm/min traverse speed, 700 mm/min wire feed rate and 30 g/min powder feed rate. The microstructure of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene is characterised by nano-sized precipitates of reaction products (W and TiC) uniformly distributed in a beta-Ti solid solution matrix. Matrix hardness is enhanced by the presence of the reaction products in the Ti ranging between 410-620 kgf.mm^-2. Moreover, the modication made to the 90 wt.% Ti-6Al-4V/10 wt.% TiB2 feedstock by attaching the TiB2 to Ti-6Al-4V
allowed uniform distribution of reinforcing element in the deposited composite. The composite microstructure on solidication is characterised by TiB eutectic needle-like
features uniformly distributed in a Ti-rich primary phase. The hardness of the composite ranged between 440-480 gf.mm^-2. Tensile tests showed that the mean elastic modulus of Ti-6Al-4V/TiB_2 composite is 145 GPa, which is a 27% improvement when compared to that of Ti-6Al-4V. Erosion test indicated that the Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene composite offered as high as 13 and 8 times resistance of that of Ti-6Al-4V when subjected to PWJ and AWJ impacts respectively
Microstructural Evolution of Metal Matrix Composites Formed by Laser Deposition of Ti-6Al-4V Wire and WC-W<sub>2</sub>C Powder
No full textIn this paper, the microstructural evolution of the composite formed by fibre laser deposition of Ti-6Al-4V wire and WC-W2C powder was investigated and reported. Nine single tracks were deposited using combinations of four laser processing parameters (laser power, traverse speed, wire feed rate and powder feed rate) with each having three levels based on Taguchi design of experiments. The samples of the deposited composites were subjected to microstructural examinations using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray Diffractometry, and microhardness tests. The resultant microstructure is characterised by uniform distribution of the reinforcement particles (WC-W2C) and dispersion of in-situ synthesised TiC and W solid solution precipitates in a β-stabilised Ti matrix. The TiC precipitates have blocky and fine eutectic morphologies, while the W solid solution precipitates have blocky and leaf-like equiaxed morphologies. The retained W composition in the β-Ti was found to range from 7.5-9 at%, and it helped to β-stabilise the matrix which was considered beneficial for the composite matrix to retain its ductility. Increasing laser power was found to decrease the amount of W retained in the Ti matrix which resulted in a lower cooling rate, favourable for the nucleation of W solid solution. The uniform dispersion of the TiC and W solid solutions in the β-Ti matrix phase has significantly enhanced its hardness which ranged from 455-543 HV0.3. It is anticipated that the composite formed will possess excellent wear resistance and contact deformation characteristics.</jats:p
Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with carbide and boride reinforcements using wire and powder feedstock
No full textThe growth in the use and wear of Ti-based alloy components in mining and offshore explorations has led to a search for techniques to re-engineer such components for reuse. The most desirable method of restoring/protecting the component surfaces is by hard-facing to enhance longevity in service.
Laser cladding is one of the viable techniques to achieve a thick coating on such components which involves the addition of reinforcing particulates to improve surface properties such as hardness, wear and erosion resistance amongst others. A fundamental study and understanding of the resultant microstructure-property of the laser clad, hard-facing composite becomes necessary.
In this study, laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V wire with Spherotene particulate reinforcement and laser cladding of modified pre-blend of Ti-6Al-4V and TiB_2 powder were undertaken. The resulting physical and microstructural characteristics, hardness, and performance characteristics of laser clad composites were investigated. Samples from the as-deposited laser clad composites were characterised using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (with chemical microanalysis) and X-ray diffraction. Performance characteristics were examined via erosion testing of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene using plain and abrasive water jetting, and tensile testing of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/TiB_2 composite.
The results showed that a crack and pore free clad containing as high as 76 wt.% Spherotene in the Ti matrix was achieved at an energy density of 150 J.mm^-2, 275 mm/min traverse speed, 700 mm/min wire feed rate and 30 g/min powder feed rate. The microstructure of the laser clad Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene is characterised by nano-sized precipitates of reaction products (W and TiC) uniformly distributed in a beta-Ti solid solution matrix. Matrix hardness is enhanced by the presence of the reaction products in the Ti ranging between 410-620 kgf.mm^-2. Moreover, the modication made to the 90 wt.% Ti-6Al-4V/10 wt.% TiB2 feedstock by attaching the TiB2 to Ti-6Al-4V
allowed uniform distribution of reinforcing element in the deposited composite. The composite microstructure on solidication is characterised by TiB eutectic needle-like
features uniformly distributed in a Ti-rich primary phase. The hardness of the composite ranged between 440-480 gf.mm^-2. Tensile tests showed that the mean elastic modulus of Ti-6Al-4V/TiB_2 composite is 145 GPa, which is a 27% improvement when compared to that of Ti-6Al-4V. Erosion test indicated that the Ti-6Al-4V/Spherotene composite offered as high as 13 and 8 times resistance of that of Ti-6Al-4V when subjected to PWJ and AWJ impacts respectively
Additive manufacturing in the oil and gas industries : a review
No full textAdditive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a process for creating prototypes and functional components achieved by consolidation of material layer upon layer. Applications of AM technologies have been witnessed in the healthcare, automotive, architecture, power generation, electronics and aviation industries. Some of the main benefits of AM include effective material utilisation, new design possibilities, improved functionality of the products and flexible production. The opportunities for the applications of additive manufacturing in the oil and gas industries are only just being explored. In this study, a review of the potential opportunities of AM technologies in oil and gas industries was reported. The adoption of the AM technologies necessitated the need for a rethink on design for manufacture and assembly of oil and gas component parts such as high-tech end burners, metal fuel nozzles, and submersible pump components amongst others. The possibility of employing AM technologies on-site for the production of spare parts for replacement of damage components in oil and gas equipment and facilities is commendable, as this brings about reduction in production downtime and replacement cost. The future of AM in the oil and gas industries is highly promising, however before AM can actualize its full-fledged potentials in these industries, further research is required in the area of new materials development and processing, improved surface finish of AM fabricated parts, enhanced fabrication speed and parametric optimisation to improve the mechanical properties of the fabricated components
Additive manufacturing in the oil and gas industries: A review
No full textAdditive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a process for creating prototypes and functional components achieved by consolidation of material layer upon layer. Applications of AM technologies have been witnessed in the healthcare, automotive, architecture, power generation, electronics and aviation industries. Some of the main benefits of AM include effective material utilisation, new design possibilities, improved functionality of the products and flexible production. The opportunities for the applications of additive manufacturing in the oil and gas industries are only just being explored. In this study, a review of the potential opportunities of AM technologies in oil and gas industries was reported. The adoption of the AM technologies necessitated the need for a rethink on design for manufacture and assembly of oil and gas component parts such as high-tech end burners, metal fuel nozzles, and submersible pump components amongst others. The possibility of employing AM technologies on-site for the production of spare parts for replacement of damage components in oil and gas equipment and facilities is commendable, as this brings about reduction in production downtime and replacement cost. The future of AM in the oil and gas industries is highly promising, however before AM can actualize its full-fledged potentials in these industries, further research is required in the area of new materials development and processing, improved surface finish of AM fabricated parts, enhanced fabrication speed and parametric optimisation to improve the mechanical properties of the fabricated components
Total productive maintenance and companies performance: a case study of fast moving consumer goods companies
No full textTPM implementation by FMCG firms in Ado/Ota industrial hub of Ogun State Nigeria was investigated, and its influence on the firm's performance was analyzed. Primary data were collected through the administration of an online questionnaire. A total number of 98 respondents participated in this research. The analysis was conducted through descriptive analysis and structural equation model (SEM) using a smart partial least square (PLS) software. It was observed that TPM implementation had a positive influence on firms' performance. The descriptive analysis. It noted that most firms explored in this study had implemented TPM. It implies that above ninety percent of companies in the industrial hub are practicing TPM. The data employed in this research are limited to those obtained from FMCG firms in Ado/Ota in Ogun State, Nigeria. However, this study's findings can represent other firms in other locations where TPM is practiced. This research will be helpful for FMCG firms in Nigeria, especially those in Ogun State. TPM was measured using the following indicators: 5S, Autonomous Maintenance, Kobetsu Kaizen, Planned Maintenance, Quality, Education and Training, Office TPM, and Health, Safety and Environment. Eight indicators measure The company's performance: Product Quality, Cost, Inventory, Lead Time, Processing Cycle Time, Customer Complaints, Equipment Efficiency and Overall Productivity. The research review shows that the TPM implementation significantly affects firms' sustainable performance. In addition, the result shows that local firms in the survey area are yet to key into implementing TPM practices fully
Superhydrophobic coatings for steel pipeline protection in oil and gas industries: a comprehensive review
No full textClick on the DOI link to access the article (may not be free).Recently, there have been numerous deadly gas and oil pipeline explosions in the United States, resulting in extensive investigations based on corrosion and aged foundations. Superhydrophobic coatings are being developed using smart nano-based materials to act as protection layers on the surface of metallic parts against mechanical aggressors, corrosion, and fouling agents. These coatings have proven to be ideal candidates to protect steel pipelines, recently gaining much popularity. This review paper provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of the newly developed superhydrophobic coatings for steel pipelines, with a focus on their applications in the oil and gas industries. At first, the basic concept of wettability is introduced and the physical models governing the different kinds of wettability conditions are derived and explained. Then, various methods used to synthesize superhydrophobic coatings on steel substrates and recent findings from research work on different coating fabrication methods are discussed. Current applications of these developed superhydrophobic coatings for corrosion prevention, deicing, and anti-biofouling, among other treatments, within the last five years and their future trends are also extensively discussed. Based on the literature, of all the methods used for fabricating superhydrophobic coatings for steel pipelines, spraying is the most versatile and widely used. This method provides facile and economically viable mass fabrication of coatings on various steel substrates with desired microstructures. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are reported to be very resistant to microorganisms when used to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces. Also, shape-memory polymers have recently been incorporated in the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces for self-healing functionality
Assessment of Lean Practices in Small and Medium Garment Manufacturing Companies in South-Western Nigeria
No full text[EN] The Nigerian garment industry has significantly contributed to the Gross Domestic Product of the country. However, this multibillion naira, small and medium scale enterprises have a higher potential to generate huge revenue, provided lean manufacturing concepts are adopted. In this study, the awareness level and the adoption of lean concepts were assessed using a survey technique. In the survey, 40 complete responses were received by administering 60 copies of a structured questionnaire based on five-point Likert scale. By analyzing the responses using descriptive statistics and mean item score, it was deduced that teamwork is the most predominant lean concept that is currently been practiced in the South-Western Nigeria garment industry with the highest mean score of 3.63. Just-in-time supply, workforce commitment, daily schedule and product design have witnessed the influence of the implementation of lean practices. In the garment industry, the practice of the few lean concepts resulted in a significant improvement in the quality of the garments produced. However, a lack of understanding on how to implement the lean concepts has been a major barrier in this industry. Hence, comprehensive trainings, seminars and workshops for the key players in the industry are proposed to increase the knowledge and adoption of lean concepts.Bamisaye, OS.; Oroye, OA.; Farayibi, PK.; Adeitan, AD.; Agbo, S. (2023). Assessment of Lean Practices in Small and Medium Garment Manufacturing Companies in South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Applied Research in Technology & Engineering. 4(2):87-96. https://doi.org/10.4995/jarte.2023.18999OJS879642Abioye, T.E., & Bello, E.I. (2012). A review of awareness and implementation of lean manufacturing within Nigerian smallscale manufacturing companies. Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation, 2, 374-38.Achanga, P., Shehab, E., Roy, R., & Nelder, G. (2006). Critical success factors for lean implementation within SMEs. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 17(4), 460-471. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410380610662889Adeitan, A.D., Aigbavboa, C., & Bamisaye, O.S. (2021). Influence of information flow on logistics management in the industry 4.0 era. International Journal of Supply and Operations Management, 8(1), 29-38.Aigbavboa, C., & Ohiomah, I. (2015). Lean manufacturing adoption and implementation in Nigeria manufacturing industries. In F. Kongoli, T. Havlik, & F. Pagnanelli (Eds.), Sustainable Industrial Processing Summit SIPS 2015 Volume 11: Recycling & Environmental, 385-390.Akhamiokhor, S.A. (2017). Entrepreneurial strategies and the development of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) in Ogun State, Nigeria [Masters of Philosophy (Thesis), Babcock University Ogun State, Nigeria.].Almanei, M., Salonitis, K., & Xu, Y. (2017). Lean implementation frameworks: The challenges for SMEs. Procedia CIRP, 750-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.03.170Arif, S., & Ilyas, M. (2011). Leadership, empowerment and customer satisfaction in teaching institutions. The TQM Journal, 23(4), 388-402. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542731111139473Babalola, D.O., Ibem, E.O., & Ezema, I.C. (2018). Assessment of awareness and adoption of lean practices in the Nigerian building Industry. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(13), 1626-1640.Bamisaye, O.S., & Adeitan, A.D. (2018). A review of green supply chain management on waste disposal: a study of Nigerian garment industry. Advances in Research, 17(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2018/45017Bernard, H.R. (2002). Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative methods. 3rd edition. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California.Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method approach. California: Sage Publications.Chong, S. (2007). Business process management for SMEs: An exploratory study of implementation factors for the Australian wine industry. Journal of Information Systems and Small Business, 1(1-2), 41-58.Eckert, C., Clarkson, J.P., & Stacey, M. (2004). The lure of the measurable in design research, in Design 2004 (ed.), International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, May 18-21, 1-6.Elnamrouty, K. & Abushaaban, M.S. (2013). Seven wastes elimination targeted by lean manufacturing case study "Gaza strip manufacturing firms". International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 1(2), 68-80. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20130102.12Islam, M.S. (2019). Lean practices in Bangladeshi textile industry: A literature review. [Masters of Technology (Thesis), Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Finland.].Ihua, U.B. (2009). SMEs key failure-factors: A comparison between the United Kingdom and Nigeria. Journal of Social Sciences, 18(3), 199-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2009.11892682Kodali, N.V.K.J.R. (2016). An empirical study for implementation of lean principles in Indian manufacturing industry. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 23(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-11-2013-0101Mazumder, S. (2015). Lean wastes and its consequences for readymade garments manufacturing. Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, 15(1), 2-7.Mckinsey Global Institute. (2018). Nigeria's renewal: Delivering inclusive growth in Africa's largest economy. www.mckinsey.com.Melton, T. (2005). The benefits of lean manufacturing: What lean thinking has to offer the process industries. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 83(6A), 662-673. https://doi.org/10.1205/cherd.04351Mezgebe, T.T., Asgedom, H.B., & Desta, A. (2013). Economic analysis of lean wastes: case studies of textile and garment industries in Ethiopia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(8), 101-127. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v3-i8/123Nash, A.M., Poling, S.R., & Ward, S. (2006). Using Lean for Faster Six Sigma Results a Synchronized Approach. New York: Productivity Press.National Bureau of Statistics. (2019). Nigerian gross domestic product report. https://www.nationalbureauofstatistics.com/GDP_Report_Q1_Year_2019_sg_fn.pdfNordin, N., Deros, B.M., & Wahab, D.A. (2010). A survey of lean manufacturing implementation in Malaysian automotive industry. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 1(4), 374-380.Ogedengbe, T.I., Abioye, T.E., & Apalowo, R.K. (2017). Level of lean practices among large scale manufacturing companies in South-Western Nigeria. Progress in Industrial Ecology - An International Journal, 11(2), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1504/PIE.2017.088873Okezie, A.I., Odii, A., & Njoku, A.C. (2013). Challenges and prospects of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(5), 25-36.Olatunji, J.O. (2008). Lean in Nigerian construction: State, barriers, strategies and "go-to-gemba" approach. Proceedings for the 16th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, People, Culture and Change, Manchester, United Kingdom, July 16-18, 287-297.Oloyede Z.O. (2014). An assessment of factors militating against fabric production in contemporary Nigerian textile industry. Paper Presented at a Workshop Organized by The Entrepreneurial Unit of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.Onifade M.K. & Oroye O.A. (2021). Application of lean manufacturing technology in a milk manufacturing company. Jurnal Sistem dan Manajemen Industri, 5(2), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.30656/jsmi.v5i2.3736Pandey, S. (2015). Awareness of lean in the Indian garment manufacturing industry [Bachelor of Technology (Thesis), Department of Fashion Technology, National Institute of Fashion Technology, Mumbai, India.].Patnayakuni, N., & Rai, A. (2002). Towards a theoretical framework of digital supply chain integration. Proceedings of European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Gdańsk, June, 2002.Petersson, P., Johansson, O., Broman, M., Blucher, D., & Alsterman, H. (2010). Lean-Turn deviations into success! Bromma, Sweden: Part Media, Gronviksvagen.Puvanasvaran, P.A., Megat, H., Sai Hong T., & Mohd Razali M. (2009). The roles of communication process for an effective lean manufacturing implementation. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 2, 128-152. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2009.v2n1.p128-152Ramgoolam, K., & Ramphul, N. (2018). An Assessment of the Lean Deployment in the Mauritian textile industry. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Paris, France, 2-13.Rose, A.M.N., Deros, B.M., Rahman, M.N., & Nordin, N. (2011). Lean manufacturing best practices in SMEs. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Kualar Lumpur, Malaysia, 872-877.Salaheldin, S.I. (2005). JIT implementation in Egyptian manufacturing firms: Some empirical evidence. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 25(4), 354-370. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570510585543Seidler, J. (1974). On using informants: A technique for collecting quantitative data and controlling measurement error in organization analysis. American Sociological Review, 39, 819-831. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094155Shah, Z.A., & Hussain, H. (2016). An investigation of lean manufacturing implementation in textile industries of Pakistan. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Detroit, Michigan, USA, 2-10.Shah, R., & Ward, P.T. (2003). Lean manufacturing: Context, practice bundles and performance. Journal of Operations Management, 21, 29-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(02)00108-0Silva, S.K.P.N., Perera, H.S.C., & Samarasinghe, G.D. (2011). Viability of lean manufacturing tools and techniques in the apparel industry in Sri Lanka. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 110, 4013-4022. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.110-116.4013Stears Business. (2019). The state of Nigeria's fashion industry. https://www.stearsng.com/article/the-state-of-nigerias-fashion-industry.Womack, J., & Jones, D. (2003). Lean Thinking: Banishing Waste and Create Wealth in Your Corporation. New York: Free Press.Wong, Y.C., Wong, K.Y., & Ali, A. (2009). A study on lean manufacturing implementation in the Malaysian electrical and electronics industry. European Journal of Scientific Research, 38(4), 521-535
Waste Plastics to 3D Printer Filament: An Overview on Industrial Applications
No full textWaste plastics have become a major threat to the environment and the inhabitants causing both land and water pollution. The incineration of waste plastics for energy generation results in air pollution that is more dangerous than disposing into landfills. Using 3D printing filament produced from recycled polymer materials (i.e., Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles) could turn the waste plastic into re-usable additive manufacturing feedstock. This decreases the negative impact of waste plastics on our environment. The current applications for using recycled plastics in the design and fabrication of parts in additive manufacturing are highly laudable. 3D printing recycled filament through a step of manufacturing processes which include sorting, shredding, grinding, blending, melting, extruding, and spooling. This work aims to conduct a full assessment of the waste plastics recycling process for the production of 3D printing filament used for polymer-based part fabrication. This paper documents the review of the recent available literature on the production of filaments used for 3D printers from recycled polymer materials as the alternative way to reduce the harmful effect of waste plastics in the environment. Various conducted research works have shown that the application of 3D printed filament produced from recycled polymer materials has been widely utilized in medical, automotive, architecture, aerospace, food packaging, and engineering applications
Corrosion Performance of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Stainless Steel:A Brief Critical Assessment
No full textTo enhance the products fabricated from wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) processes, it is very important to implement a critical assessment of the corrosion performance of additively manufactured stainless steel (SS) for the application of additive manufacturing parts widely used in industries. The common defects in metal additive manufacturing, which include porosity, poor surface finish, oxidation, environmental factor, residual stress, and microstructural defects, are known to significantly influence the corrosion behavior of WAAM-processed SS components prepared to be used under different corrosive and marine environments. This article reviews the recently published works on WAAM-processed SS and provides a critical overview method to improve the corrosion performance of SS components built with the WAAM processes. It also documents some significant factors that determine the corrosion resistance of WAAM-processed SS and identifies key areas for future work.</p
