1,720,994 research outputs found
An Overview of the Ferroptosis Hallmarks in Friedreich's Ataxia
No full textBackground: Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by early mortality due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. FRDA is caused by reduced levels of frataxin (FXN), a mitochondrial protein involved in the synthesis of iron-sulphur clusters, leading to iron accumulation at the mitochondrial level, uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. These features are also common to ferroptosis, an iron-mediated type of cell death triggered by accumulation of lipoperoxides with distinct morphological and molecular characteristics with respect to other known cell deaths. Scope of review: Even though ferroptosis has been associated with various neurodegenerative diseases including FRDA, the mechanisms leading to disease onset/progression have not been demonstrated yet. We describe the molecular alterations occurring in FRDA that overlap with those characterizing ferroptosis. Major conclusions: The study of ferroptotic pathways is necessary for the understanding of FRDA pathogenesis, and anti-ferroptotic drugs could be envisaged as therapeutic strategies to cure FRDA
Targeting the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response to counteract the oxidative stress-Induced endothelial dysfunction
No full textIn endothelial cells, the tight control of the redox environment is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant response can induce endothelial dysfunction, the initial event of many cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum could be a new player in the promotion of the pro- or antioxidative pathways and that in such a modulation, the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways play an essential role. The UPR consists of a set of conserved signalling pathways evolved to restore the proteostasis during protein misfolding within the endoplasmic reticulum. Although the first outcome of the UPR pathways is the promotion of an adaptive response, the persistent activation of UPR leads to increased oxidative stress and cell death. This molecular switch has been correlated to the onset or to the exacerbation of the endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we highlight the multiple chances of the UPR to induce or ameliorate oxidative disturbances and propose the UPR pathways as a new therapeutic target for the clinical management of endothelial dysfunction
MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs in the redox control of cell senescence
Full text linkCell senescence is critical in diverse aspects of organism life. It is involved in tissue development and homeostasis, as well as in tumor suppression. Consequently, it is tightly integrated with basic physiological processes during life. On the other hand, senescence is gradually being considered as a major contributor of organismal aging and age-related diseases. Increased oxidative stress is one of the main risk factors for cellular damages, and thus a driver of senescence. In fact, there is an intimate link between cell senescence and response to different types of cellular stress. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) is not adequately detoxified by the antioxidant defense systems. Non-coding RNAs are endogenous transcripts that govern gene regulatory networks, thus impacting both physiological and pathological events. Among these molecules, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and more recently circular RNAs are considered crucial mediators of almost all cellular processes, including those implicated in oxidative stress responses. Here, we will describe recent data on the link between ROS/RNS-induced senescence and the current knowledge on the role of non-coding RNAs in the senescence program
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
MiRNAs/lncRNAs/circRNAs in Redox Control of Cell Senescence
No full textCell senescence is critical in diverse aspects of organism life. It represents a physiological program to arrest proliferation of damaged/harmful cells and is now considered an important contributor in aging and age-related pathologies. Non-coding RNAs are endogenous transcripts that govern gene regulatory networks impacting both physiological and pathological events. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and more recently circular RNAs (circRNAs) are considered crucial regulators of almost all cellular processes, including responses evoked by oxidative stress, such as senescence
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