40 research outputs found
El iris de Salamanca: espectacular y monarquista comedia de santos (siglo XVIII)
No full textAs popular as it was in the Peninsula, the comedy of saints could not be missing in New Spain in the first half of the 18th century, even some written by a local author. Such is the case of El iris de Salamanca, by Cayetano Javier de Cabrera y Quintero, dedicated to Saint Juan de Sahagún, a Spanish saint of Leonese origin so little known that one wonders what motivated its author to choose him as the protagonist.Tan popular como era en la Península, la comedia de santos no podía faltar en la Nueva España en la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, inclusive escrita alguna por un autor local. Tal el caso de El iris de Salamanca, de Cayetano Javier de Cabrera y Quintero, dedicada a san Juan de Sahagún, un santo español de origen leonés tan poco conocido que uno se pregunta qué motivó a su autor para elegirlo como protagonista
El iris de Salamanca, espectacular y monarquista comedia de santos (siglo XVIII)
No full textAs popular as it was in the Peninsula, the comedy of saints could not be missing in New Spain in the first half of the 18th century, even some written by a local author. Such is the case of El iris de Salamanca, by Cayetano Javier de Cabrera y Quintero, dedicated to Saint Juan de Sahagún, a Spanish saint of Leonese origin so little known that one wonders what motivated its author to choose him as the protagonist.Tan popular como era en la Península, la comedia de santos no podía faltar en la Nueva España en la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, inclusive escrita alguna por un autor local. Tal el caso de El iris de Salamanca, de Cayetano Javier de Cabrera y Quintero, dedicada a san Juan de Sahagún, un santo español de origen leonés tan poco conocido que uno se pregunta qué motivó a su autor para elegirlo como protagonista
Environmental analysis of urban fungiculture in three localities in Bogotá
No full textilustraciones, fotografías a colorEl cultivo de setas también llamado fungicultura, es una actividad que pertenece al sector
agrícola en Colombia y en los últimos años ha surgido la fungicultura urbana a pequeña
escala en Bogotá, por el aumento en la demanda de productos orgánicos, con proteínas
de origen no animal y el interés de los productores por encontrar una alternativa de
sustento. La investigación realizada busca indagar en las características e impactos
ambientales de esta actividad, así como su relación con la agroecología. Por medio de un
estudio de caso de la cadena productiva de orellanas (Pleurotus ostreatus) en tres
unidades productivas de tres localidades diferentes, la aplicación del Análisis de Ciclo de
Vida de producto (ACV) y el diseño participativo, se determinaron las ventajas y
desventajas de esta actividad y posibles mejoras para impulsar el sector fungicultor en la
ciudad.
El ACV conceptual ajustado permitió conocer los impactos ambientales a lo largo de todas
las etapas productivas, desde la obtención de materias primas hasta la disposición final.
Se encontró que la fungicultura urbana en Bogotá es una actividad reciente con presencia
en casi todas las localidades, con unidades productivas que generalmente son
microempresas no registradas y con una producción artesanal no constante y de pequeña
escala, que cuenta con más impactos positivos que negativos al ambiente.
Los fungicultores se reconocen a ellos mismos como agroecólogos y micólogos, lo que
demuestra su vasto conocimiento en el área y su función pedagógica al estimular el
intercambio de saberes dentro de la ciudad y propiciar acciones locales para la gestión de
residuos sólidos, y la promoción del consumo de dietas veganas.
Estos resultados sugieren que la fungicultura que parte de una base agroecológica, puede
ser una actividad productiva que genere más impactos positivos que negativos, por lo que
debería promoverse entre el sector de producción de alimentos tanto a nivel urbano como
rural en todo el país. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Mushroom cultivation, also called fungiculture, is an activity that belongs to the agricultural
sector in Colombia. In recent years small-scale urban fungiculture has emerged in Bogotá,
due to the increase in demand for organic products, proteins of non-animal origin. and the
interest of producers to find an alternative livelihood. The research conducted seeks to
investigate the characteristics and environmental impacts of this activity, as well as its
relationship with agroecology. Through a case study of the productive chain of oyster
mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) in three productive units of three different localities, the
application of the Product Life Cycle Analysis (ACV) and the participatory design. The
advantages and disadvantages and possible improvements to promote the mushroom
sector in the city of this activity were determined.
The adjusted conceptual LCA allowed us to know the environmental impacts throughout all
the productive stages, from the obtaining of raw materials to the final disposal. It was found
that urban fungiculture in Bogotá is a young activity with a presence in almost all localities,
with productive units that are generally unregistered microenterprises and with an
inconsistent and small-scale artisanal production, which has more positive than negative
impacts ambient.
The mushroom growers recognize themselves as agroecologists and mycologists, which
displays their extensive knowledge in the area and their pedagogical function by stimulating
the exchange of knowledge within the city and promoting local actions for solid waste
management, and the promotion of consumption of vegan diets. These results suggest that fungiculture, which starts from an agroecological base, can be
a productive activity that generates more positive than negative impacts. Therefore, it
should be promoted among the food production sector, both urban and rural throughout
the country.MaestríaMagíster en Medio Ambiente y DesarrolloMetodología Análisis de Ciclo de Vida - ACVEstudios ambientales agrario
Breaking paradigms: Long non-coding RNAs forming gene fusions with potential implications in cancer
No full textLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides with dynamic regulatory functions. They interact with a wide range of molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins to modulate diverse cellular functions through several mechanisms and, if deregulated, they can lead to cancer development and progression. Recently, it has been described that lncRNAs are susceptible to form gene fusions with mRNAs or other lncRNAs, breaking the paradigm of gene fusions consisting mainly of protein-coding genes. However, their biological significance in the tumor phenotype is still uncertain. Therefore, their recent identification opens a new line of research to study their biological role in tumorigenesis, and their potential as biomarkers with clinical relevance or as therapeutic targets. The present study aimed to review the lncRNA fusions identified so far and to know which of them have been associated with a potential function. We address the current challenges to deepen their study as well as the reasons why they represent a future therapeutic window in cancer
Phyllodactylus benedettii Ramírez-Reyes & Flores-Villela 2018, sp. nov.
No full textPhyllodactylus benedettii sp. nov. Holotype. Adult male (MZFC 28774) collected at Chamela Biological Station, La Huerta, state of Jalisco (19.50 N, - 105.44W WGS84) on September 15, 2014 by Tonatiuh Ramírez Reyes and Alfredo Villarruel. Paratypes (14). An adult female (MZFC 28773) collected at Chamela Biology Station, La Huerta municipality (19.50 N, - 105.44W) on September 15, 2014 by Tonatiuh Ramírez Reyes and Alfredo Villarruel; (MZFC 21817- male, MZFC 21818-male, MZFC 21877, MZFC 21878-male, MZFC 21879, MZFC 21880-female, MZFC 21885- male) collected at the Chamela Biology Station, La Huerta municipality (19.50 N, - 105.44 W) by Oscar Flores Villela in 2007; an adult female (IBH 2133-2) and five adult males (IBH 2133-3, 2133-4, 2133-5, 2133-7, 2133-9) collected at 2 km. SE, of the Station of Biology, Chamela (19.51 N, - 104.94 W) on October 27, 1971 by Cornelio Sánchez; an adult female (IBH 2138-4) collected at 5 km. S., de Chamela, Biology Station, UNAM, municipality La Huerta (19.49 N, - 104.95 W) on May 25, 1974 by Gustavo Casas Andreu. Etymology. The species is dedicated to the memory of the great Uruguayan writer Mario Benedetti in recognition of his prolific literary production and critical thinking of great importance in the political and social life of Latin America. Diagnosis. Phyllodactylus benedettii sp. nov. is a species with the largest average size within the P. lanei complex, with a maximum SVL of 75.2 mm. Dixon (1964) established three fundamental characteristics to include species and subspecies within the P. lanei complex and differentiate them from P. tuberculosus: species of the P. lanei complex have a low number of interorbital scales (12–19), white venter and low number of scales across the snout between the third labials (does not specify range of values). Phyllodactylus benedettii shows white-yellow venter, 14.4 interorbital scales on average, and 22.3 scales across the snout between the third labials. Within the P. lanei complex (including insular and continental species), the only species that exceed 70 mm of SVL are P. lupitae and P. lanei, two species that are very isolated geographically. It is clearly different from the nearest species P. rupinus, which has a maximum SVL of 69.4 mm, considered as a medium size species. According to the statistical analyzes previously carried out, the combination of diagnostic morphological characters are the following (in addition to the SVL): It differs clearly from all species of Phyllodactylus as it presents 62.6 (60–69) longitudinal scales, 27 (24–30) tubercles from head to tail, 14 (11–13) interorbital scales, 29 (25–32) scales across venter, 22 (22–23) third labial–snout scales, 13 (13–14) rows of tubercles across dorsum. Although P. benedettii is very similar to P. lupitae in some meristic characters, they present differences in the morphometric space (Fig. 7). Some measures allow us to differentiate these species are the head-length and axillagroin length: P. benedettii (17.9 mm and 28.4 mm) and P. lupitae (16.86 mm and 27.93 mm). According to Castiglia et al. (2009; 2010), the karyotypes of P. l. lanei (Tierra Colorada, Guerrero) and P. l. rupinus from Chamela, Jalisco (here named P. benedetti) are different. According to their studies P. lanei has 2n = 33–34 and FN = 40–41, while P. benedettii has 2n = 38 and FN = 38. Phyllodactylus benedettii has fewer than 30 tubercles from head to tail (24–30, 27.4 avg.) similar to P. lupitae (27–31, 28.8 avg.), P. paucituberculatus (28.7), P. kropotkini (25–31, 28.4 avg.) and P. rupinus (26–30, 28 avg.); other species have more than 30 tubercles from head to tail on average: P. lanei (32–34, 33.2 avg.), P. isabelae (30– 35, 32.2 avg.), P. t. magnus (35–40, 37 avg.), P. muralis (30–40, 33 avg.) and P. tuberculosus (33–41, 36.4 avg.). Phyllodactylus benedettii showed 62 longitudinal ventral scales (LVS) on average (60–69), other values were P. isabelae (52–58, 56.2 avg.), P. lupitae (60–64, 61.8 avg.), P. lanei (60–74, 66 avg.), P. rupinus (56–67, 63 avg.), P. kropotkini (63–73, 67 avg.), P. t. magnus (52–58, 54 avg.), P. muralis (57–61, 59 avg.) and P. tuberculosus (51–64, 57 avg.). Phyllodactylus benedettii presents 14.4 interorbital scales similar to P. kropotkini (14–16, 14.6 avg.) and differs from P. isabelae (14–20, 15.1 avg.), P. lupitae (14–20, 16.8 avg.), P. lanei (15–17, 15.5 avg.), P. rupinus (14–17, 15.5 avg.), P. t. magnus (21–23, 23.3 avg.), P. muralis (21–27, 23.2 avg.), and P. tuberculosus (16–22, 19.2 avg.). Phyllodactylus benedettii presents 29 scales across venter and differs from P. isabelae (26–29, 27.8 avg.), P. lupitae (26–29, 24.6 avg.), P. lanei (29–32, 30 avg.), P. rupinus (24–28, 26.5 avg.), P. kropotkini (29–33, 30.6 avg.), P. t. magnus (26–29, 27.3 avg.), P. muralis (33) and P. tuberculosus (27–33, 30.2 avg.). Phyllodactylus benedettii presents 22 third labial–snout scales on average (22–23) and differs from P. isabelae (19–24, 21.4 avg.), P. lupitae (23–28, 25.5 avg.), P. lanei (20–23, 21.2 avg.), P. rupinus (18–22, 20.6 avg.), P. kropotkini (19–21, 20.2 avg.), P. t. magnus (24–26, 24.6 avg.), P. muralis (24–28, 25.2 avg.) and P. tuberculosus (21–26, 24.2 avg.). Phyllodactylus benedettii presents 13.8 rows of tubercles across dorsum on average (13–14) and differs from P. isabelae (15–18, 16.7 avg.), P. lupitae (14–15, 14.8 avg.), P. lanei (14–16, 15.6 avg.), P. rupinus (13–15, 14 avg.), P. kropotkini (12– 14, 13.4 avg.), P. t. magnus (13–15, 14.3 avg.), P. muralis (12–13, 12.2 avg.) and P. tuberculosus (12–17, 14 avg.). Finally, P. benedettii presents the largest values in the following measures: 5.50 mm in length of the 4th toepad and 35.8 mm in axilla-groin length (LAG); compared to P. isabelae (4.1 mm, 22.2 mm), P. lupitae (4.9 mm, 31 mm), P. lanei (4.6 mm, 21.1 mm), P. rupinus (5 mm, 25.6 mm) and P. kropotkini (5 mm, 23 mm). Description of holotype (Fig. 9). (All bilateral counts are given as right/left). Adult male, robust body, head not flattened, neck slightly differentiated from the head. The head scales are granular, most are slightly globose, and are interspersed with circular-oblique flat scales that are mainly located between the eyes towards the tip of the snout. The rostral scale presents an intermediate striation near to middle of the scale (a groove that extends longitudinally to the middle part of the rostral scale); nostril bordered by a simple supranasal (one supranasal scale only), first labial, rostral and two postnasals; two supranasal scales contact each other, bordered by 7 postnasals; 22 interorbital scales beginning at the anterior ocular border; 15 scales across the snout from the second right labial, 24 scales across the snout at the level of the third labial scale on the right side; 8/9 loreal scales from the first ocular scale to the nostril; 11/10 supralabial scales; posterior border of the first supralabial in contact with the nostril (right and left); 8/8 infralabial scales; elongated auricular opening smaller than ocular diameter; occipital scales different in size and shape to the interorbital scales, while the interorbital scales are more or less uniform in size and shape (oval shape), they are smaller than the occipital ones. The occipital scales are larger than the interorbital scales, they have irregular shapes and presents some circular tubercles intermixed; mental scale is equally wide as long (3.6 mm), forms an irregular "V" towards the posterior section, two postmental scales closely in contact each other and with the first and second infralabials; postmental scales in contact with a row of 4 scales, the 2 intermediates larger than the extremes, 10 scales of uniform size border the row of scales. Body with granular scales; 13 rows of strongly keeled dorsal tubercles with variable size; 25 tubercles in a middle dorsal row from base of the head to base of the tail; 21/15 tubercles from axilla to groin; 34 rows of cycloid scales across the venter; 87 longitudinal ventral scales from the first differentiated scale on the gular region to the cloacal opening; ventral scales larger compared to the lateral scales of the body and the gular region; scales slightly imbricate on the anterior and posterior extremities, scales dorsally granular intercalated with strongly keeled tubercles of variable size. The tail of the specimen is original (not regenerated) and measures 55.5 mm with the tip broken. Dorsal scales of the tail are imbricate with intercalated tubercles and juxtaposed ventral scales, keeled tubercles extend to more than half of the tail, as they extend to the tip of the tail the tubercles gradually flatten until they form keeled scales. Does not present femoral or precloacal pores. Digital lamella formulae: right posterior (7-9-12-13-10), left posterior (6-8-11-13-9); right anterior (6-9-12-11- 11), left anterior (6-10-13-11-12), fourth finger of the extremities longer than others; digital toepads longer than wide on all fingers. Measurements in mm: snout-vent length 70.9; axilla-groin 35.8; head length 16.5; head width 13.2; snout length (to eye) 10.05; eye diameter 4.1; auricular opening (maximum) 1.6; length of fourth finger 5.5; length of fourth toe 5.7; width between eye supercilliaries 9; internaral 2.1. Coloration of holotype in ethanol (Fig. 8). The holotype exhibits relatively little coloration, the dorsal background color varies from brown to creamy yellow, with dark brown faint irregular spots (less evident compared to live coloration), the ventral surface varies yellowish and cream; half of the ventral color on the tail to the tip is cream. Pattern and color in life (Fig. 10). Dorsally presents a clear background, a mixture of cream-pink, on this background, patterns of irregular patches dark brown color and some completely black spots are present, some of these spots are slightly surrounded by yellowish scales; on the middle dorsal part a longitudinal line of the background color runs from head to tail; scales around the eyes and some supralabials are slightly colored light yellow; ventrally presents a white-cream coloration in combination with light yellow, more evident towards the ventral region; the pupils are black on a bronze iris. Dorsal coloration of the tail is white-cream with brown stripes and some black points. Variation. All meristic and morphometric characters are presented with mean values, standard deviation and range of meristic (Table 2) and morphometric variables (Table 7). Distribution and habitat. Phyllodactylus benedettii sp. nov. is an endemic species to the state of Jalisco, restricted to the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve. According to the INEGI digital map of elevation (resolution of 15 m), the type locality is located at 100 masl, located in the biogeographic province of the Western Pacific surrounded by deciduous tropical forests (Fig. 11). The microhabitats reported for this species are diverse: soil, trees, shrubs and in habitats modified by man as houses or bridges or some other constructions (meteorological stations). They are particularly abundant in rocks and crevices and in people's houses or buildings where it feeds on insects and other invertebrates (García & Ceballos 1994; Ponce-Campos & García 2007; Vitt & Caldwell 2014; pers. obs.). Males of P. benedettii have an extended period of reproduction (August–March) with two peaks, one in rainy season (August–October) and another one in dry season (November–March). Reproductive behavior (courtship and mating) begins in August which coincides with the beginning of rainy season. The females produce clutches of two eggs, with up to three clutches during the breeding season, with a peak of egg production from December to March coinciding with the dry season (Ramírez-Sandoval et al. 2006). This species presents a distinct karyotype from P. lanei presumably due to Robertsonian fusions/fissions with 19 pairs of telocentric chromosomes (2n = 38, FN = 38) (Castiglia et al. 2009). They are lizards of nocturnal habits and feed on insects, although to date there have been no studies on the composition of their diet (García & Ceballos 1994; Vitt & Caldwell 2014). Representative species of tropical dry forest of Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve are: Sciadodendrom excelsum, Brosimum alicastrum, Orbignya cohune and Tabebuia donell-smithi (Ceballos et al. 1999). The deciduous tropical forests is near the mouth of the Cuixmala River and is characterized by the abundance of water in the rainy season, the climate is tropical (warm-humid), has an annual average temperature of 25 °C and the annual rainfall varies from 748–1000 mm (García & Ceballos 1994; Ceballos et al. 1999). Other species of reptiles with nocturnal activity that inhabit the deciduous tropical forests are: Hemidactylus frenatus, Boa constrictor, Lampropeltis triangulum, Leptodeira maculata, Pseudoficimia frontalis, Senticolis triaspis, Tropidodipsas philippii (Sibon philippi), Tantilla bocourti, Thamnophis valida, Trimorphodon biscutatus, Micrurus distans, Agkistrodon bilineatus, and Crotalus basiliscus (García & Ceballos 1994). Comments on conservation and threats. This species inhabits the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve decreed in 1993. There is a minor threat posed by the localities bordering the reserve, and according to the observations made by the first author, apparently there is a large population of P. benedettii geckos inside Chamela- Cuixmala Biology Station (UNAM). There are two main threats: the false beliefs of some people who consider this species as poisonous (local inhabitants), and the possible negative effects due to the presence of invasive gecko Hemidactylus frenatus, a species with a very large population that may exploit the same ecological niche. To date there is no specific study on niche overlap between H. frenatus and Phyllodactylus species in Mexico, however, its potential danger to local biodiversity has been documented, including interspecific negative interactions with native geckos from different areas of the world; one example of this is the displacement and reduction of six gecko species of the genus Nactus on the Mascarene Islands and Lepidodactylus lugubris throughout Pacific islands. In these cases H. frenatus has been observed stalking, lunging towards and biting at other geckos (Global Invasive Species Database 2015). Due to the above, and as a potential risk to local biodiversity in Mexico, it is classified as a high risk invasive species (CONABIO 2016). Phyllodactylus kroPotkini sp. nov. Holotype. Adult male (MZFC 28736) collected in Nueva Filadelfia (Huerta Vieja) in the municipality of Tlapehuala, Guerrero (18.29 N, - 100.49 W WGS84), collected on March 15, 2014 by Tonatiuh Ramírez Reyes and Joel Rosas Avila. Paratypes (4). Four male adults (MZFC 28735, MZFC 28737, MZFC 28738, MZFC 28739) collected at the type locality, Nueva Filadelfia (Huerta Vieja), Tlapehuala, Guerrero (18.29 N, - 100.49 W WGS84) collected on March 16, 2014 by Tonatiuh Ramírez Reyes and Joel Rosas Ávila. Etymology. The species is dedicated to the memory of the great Russian philosopher, geographer and naturalist Piotr Kropotkin, who made great scientific and theoretical contributions about mutual support and altruism in some animal populations (including human society). Diagnosis. Phyllodactylus kropotkini sp. nov. is a medium-sized gecko within the P. lanei complex. Dixon (1964) established three fundamental characteristics to include species and subspecies within the P. lanei complex and differentiate them from P. tuberculosus, species of the P. lanei complex have a low number of interorbital scales (12–19), white venter and low number of scales across the snout between the third labials (does not specify range of values). Phyllodactylus kropotkini has 14.6 interorbital scales on average (14–15), white venter and 20.2 third labial–snout scales on average (19–21). Phyllodactylus kropotkini presents a maximum recorded SVL of 62.3 mm that clearly differs from the nearest species P. lanei (max. 71 mm) and it differs from other species: P. isabelae (max. 57.5), P. lupitae (max. 73.3 mm), P. rupinus (max. 69.4), P. benedettii (max. 74.2) and P. bordai (max. 58.9 mm). Phyllodactylus kropotkini sp. nov. shows the following combination of characters: 28 (25–31) tubercles from head to tail, 67 (63–73) longitudinal scales, 13 (12–14) rows of tubercles across dorsum, 30 (29–33) scales across venter, 14 (14–15) interorbital scales and 20 (19–21) third labial–snout scales. Phyllodactylus kropotkini has a partial overlap with P. lanei and P. isabelae on morphometric space (Fig. 7), however P. kropotkini is clearly differentiated from P. lanei by maximum length (SVL) (Fig. 6); it also presents the follow measures: axilla-groin length (22.54 mm), snout length (9.34 mm), auricular opening (1.78 mm), while P. lanei has 24.7 mm axilla-groin length, 10. 61 mm snout length and auricular opening (1.95 mm) and P. isabelae has 18.7 mm axilla-groin length, 8.18 mm snout length and auricular opening 1.51 mm. P. kropotkini has a low number of interorbital scales (14–15, 14.6 avg.) similar to P. benedettii (13–16, 14.4 avg.), all other species of Phyllodactylus exceed 15 interorbital scales on average, P. isabelae (14–16, 15.1 avg.), P. lupitae (14–20, 16.83 avg.), P. lanei (15–17, 15.5 avg.), P. rupinus (14–17, 15.5 avg.), P. t. magnus (21–23, 22.3 avg.), P. muralis (21–27, 23.2 avg.), P. tuberculosus (16–22, 19.2 avg.). There are an average of 30.6 scales across the venter (29–33), unlike P. isabelae (26–29, 27.8 avg.), P. lupitae (23–26, 24.6 avg.), P. lanei (29–32, 30 avg.), P. rupinus (24–28, 26.5 avg.) and P. benedettii (25–32, 29.1 avg.). Phyllodactylus kropotkini presents 67.6 longitudinal scales from the gular region to the anus on average (63–73), compared to P. rupinus (63–73, 63.6 avg.), P. lanei (60–74, 66 avg.), P. benedettii (60–69, 62.6 avg.), P. t. magnus (52–58, 54.6 avg.), P. muralis (57–61, 59 avg.) and P. tuberculosus (51–64, 57.7 avg.). This species also has 28.4 tubercles from head to tail on average (25–31), different from P. rupinus (26–30; 28 avg.), P. lanei (32–34, 33.2 avg.), P. benedettii, (24–30, 27.4 avg.), P. isabelae (30–35, 32.2 avg.), P. lupitae (27–31, 28.8 avg.), P. t. magnu s (35–40, 38 avg.), P. muralis (30–40, 33.6 avg.) and P. tuberculosus (33–41, 36.4 avg.) tubercles. It also presents 13.4 rows of tubercles on average across the dorsum (12–14), different from P. rupinus (13–15, 14 avg.), P. benedettii (13–14, 14.4 avg.), P. lupitae (14–15, 14.8 avg.), P. lanei (14–16, 15.6 avg.), P. isabelae (15–18, 16.7 avg.), P. t. magnus (13–15, 14.33 avg.), P. muralis (12– 13, 12.2 avg.) and P. tuberculosus (12–17, 14 avg.). Finally P. kropotkini presents 20.2 third labial–snout scales (19–21), similar to P. rupinus (18–22, 20.6 avg.) and it differs from the other species of Phyllodactylus: P. isabelae (19–24, 21.4 avg.), P. lupitae (23–28, 25.5 avg.), P. lanei (20–23, 21.2 avg.), P. benedettii (22–23, 22.3 avg.), P. t. magnus (24–26, 24.6 avg.), P. muralis (24–28, 25.2 avg.) and P. tuberculosus (21–26, 24.2 avg.). Description of holotype (Fig. 12). Adult male, medium body proportions (non-robust), short neck, head differentiated from the body. The head scales are granular, mostly flattened and some slightly globose towards the anterior part of the eye openings. Rostral scales have an intermediate longitudinal groove that reaches the middle part of the scale; nasal orifice bordered by a simple supranasal, rostral and 2 postnasals; nasal orifice in contact with the first supralabial, this has a fold that resembles a 3rd postnasal scale; 2 supranasal scales in contact with each other, bordered by 6 postmental scales; 25 interorbital scales from the anterior ocular border; 18 scales across snout starting with the 2nd labial; 26 scales across snout starting with 3rd labial scales; 12/12 loreal scales from the nostril to eye; 12/12 supralabials; edge of 1 st supralabial in contact with the nostril (right and left) forming a groove near mental scale (right and left); 10/11 infralabial scales; auricular opening elongated and smaller than ocular diameter; occipital scales different in size and shape to interorbital with some interspersed circular tubercles; mental scale forms an irregular "V" towards the posterior region; two postmental scales in contact each other and with the 1 st and 2nd infralabial scales (right and left); postmental scales in contact with a row of 5 scales, the central scale (pentagon shape) is larger than pair of adjacent scales (right and left). Body with granular scales, has 13 rows of strongly keeled dorsal tubercles of variable size; 30 tubercles in a dorsal row starting in the base of the head to base of the tail; 24/19 tubercles axilla-groin; 32 rows of cycloid scales across venter; 81 ventral longitudinal scales from the first differentiated scale in the gular region to the anus; ventral scales larger than the lateral sclaes of the body and the gular region; scales slightly imbricate on the four extremities. The tail of the specimen is original (not regenerated) and measures 39.6 mm with the tip broken, dorsal scales of the tail are subimbricate and mostly flattened. Therefore, the tubercles are clearly defined. Does not present femoral or precloacal pores. Lamellar formulae: anterior right leg (8-10-12-13-11), anterior left leg (9-10-13-13-11), posterior right leg (8-11-14-15-13), posterior left leg (8-12-14-14-13). Measurements in mm. Snout-vent length 62.2; axilla-groin 23; head length 16.9; head width 12.3; snout length (to eye) 7.5; eye diameter 3.3; auricular opening (maximum) 1.7; length of fourth finger 5; length of fourth toe 6; width between eye supercilliaries 8.1; internaral 1.5.
CONTEXTO Y TRADICIÓN EN LA PROPUESTA SOCIO-HERMENÉUTICA-MULTIDIMENSIONAL DE JUAN R. COCA: LA BÚSQUEDA DE UNA LECTURA DE LA REALIDAD MÁS ALLÁ DE LO INMEDIATO
No full textThis article presents the multidimensional socio-hermeneutical proposal ofJuan R. Coca, through which it is intended to give light to sociological problems.For this, a critical and historical tour of the univocist vision of knowledge, of the hermeneutic tradition, and a review of the interpretative elements that make up the analogical hermeneutics of Mauricio Beuchot are made, since they are the bases that will allow Juan R. Coca perform his textual interpretation in sociology. From the historical journey, the revision of the rich interpretive tradition of Beuchot, as well as the analysis of the proposal of the studied author, we obtain that, there is a need to carry out a deeper reading of reality, and that when we study it in its parts we see an ontological movement between the real, the unreal / imaginary, reality, which allows a multidimensional existence. We find in Coca's analysis of the social imaginary that there are two types: the prevailing and the hidden or not visualized, the latter through interpretive analog work become relevant, since they can be elements of dysfunctionality, of disaggregation, so They must also be analyzed. Analog hermeneutics enriches the sociological study because it goes beyond description.En este artículo se presenta la propuesta socio-hermenéutica multidimensional de Juan R. Coca, a través de la cual se pretende dar luz a las problemáticas sociológicas. Para ello, se realiza un recorrido histórico de la visión univocista del conocimiento, y de la tradición hermenéutica, así como la revisión de los elementos interpretativos que conforman la hermenéutica analógica de Mauricio Beuchot, puesto que son las bases que le permitirán a Juan R. Coca realizar su interpretación textual en la sociología. Del recorrido histórico, la revisión de la rica tradición interpretativa de Beuchot, así como del análisis de la propuesta del autor estudiado obtenemos que, existe una necesidad de llevar a cabo una lectura más profunda de la realidad, y que alestudiarla en sus partes vemos un movimiento ontológico entre lo real, lo irreal/imaginario, realidad, lo cual permite una existencia multidimensional. Encontramos en el análisis que realiza Coca de los imaginarios sociales que existen dos tipos: los imperantes y los ocultos o no visualizados, estos últimos a través del trabajo analógico interpretativo cobran relevancia, ya que pueden ser elementos de disfuncionalidad, de desagregación, por lo que también deben ser analizados. La hermenéutica analógica enriquece el estudio sociológico pues va más allá de la descripció
Teaching and testing embodied reasoning in FLT: A case study on German motion and localization expressions
No full textTeaching and testing embodied reasoning in FLT: A case study on German motion and localization expressions Keywords: Embodied Teaching, Foreign Language Learning and Teaching, German, motion and localization French speaking learners of German often face challenges due to the typological differences between their mother tongue and L2. In contrast to French, German, as a satellite-framed language, typically encodes (the manner of) motion in the verb and the path of motion in a satellite (Talmy 2000). Accordingly, in German expressions of localization or motion, the verb usually contains manner- information – which is very unusual in French and therefore challenging for French speaking learners. In this presentation, we focus on this „manner-saliency“ (AUTHOR 2013) in two motion and localization expressions in German: First, the caused-motion-construction (1-2) and second noun-verb- phrases with posture verbs (3-4). As illustrated in the examples (1)-(4), the verb encodes manner information (coughing, beating, standing, lying) and contributes to the expression of real or metaphorical motion or localization, see (1-3) and (2-4) respectively. (1) Germ. Er hustet die Postkarte vom Tisch. lit. ‘He coughs the post card off the table.’ (2) Germ. Er wurde ins Koma geprügelt. lit. ‘He was beaten into a coma.’ (3) Germ. Sein Name steht nicht auf der Liste. lit. ‘His name is not on the list.’ (4) Germ. Die Stadt liegt in Trümmern. lit. ‘The city is in ruins.’ This contribution describes the intervention study we carried out at three Belgian universities with the aim of testing an embodied teaching method for these challenging patterns. According to De Knop (2020) the embodiment principle plays an important role when it comes to construct meaning and should therefore be used more consistently in foreign language classrooms. Both the caused-motion construction and the noun-verb-phrases with posture verbs are particularly suitable for an embodied approach because they are grounded in bodily experience and can therefore be visualized and performed (De Knop 2020: 1381). In this way, motion in caused-motion construction can be perceived through visualization and/or gesture and the semantics of posture verbs can be explained in terms of their concrete-physical meaning. However, we also assume that it is not sufficient to restrict embodiment to the teaching level: relying on Llopis-Garcia (2021), we came up with an embodied testing method which is more likely to reveal the conceptualization strategies of the learners. After describing the overall embodied design of our approach (teaching and testing), we address the promising results of the study: It turned out that embodied teaching facilitates a deeper comprehension of both patterns (concrete and abstract) and that students were also able to extrapolate their embodied reasoning strategies to new sentences (AUTHOR 2022). Finally, we discuss some methodological issues and perspectives for further research. 446 words References AUTHOR. 2013. Manner of motion: A privileged dimension of German expressions. In T. Li (ed.), Compendium of Cognitive Linguistics Research, 25-42. New York: Nova Science Publishers. AUTHOR. 2022. Lexikalisierungsmuster zum Ausdruck der Lokalisierung und Fortbewegung im Deutschen: ein didaktischer Ansatz. In: AUTHOR (eds.), Cognition and Contrast/Kognition und Kontrast. Festschrift for/für Prof. Dr. Sabine De Knop, Presses de l'Université Saint-Louis: Brussels, 211-246. De Knop, Sabine. 2020. The embodied teaching of complex verbal phrases with German placement verbs and spatial prepositions. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 18(1). 131-161. Llopis-García Reyes. 2021. Applied Cognitive Linguistics for Meaningful – and Successful! – L2 Language Teaching. 2nd International Conference for YRCL2021. Oral presentation. University of Alcalá. Talmy, Leonard. 2000. Toward a Cognitive Semantics, Vol. 1: Concept Structuring Systems. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press
A break in neoliberal ideology? : A critical analysis of Bolivian elite discourse
No full textIm Dezember 2005, gewannen Evo Morales und seine Partei, die Bewegung zum Sozialismus (MAS), mit über 50 Prozent der Stimmen die Wahlen in Bolivien. Dieses war das stärkste Wahlergebnis einer Partei seit Einführung der Demokratie 1982. Morales wurde im Januar 2006 als der zweite indigene Präsident Lateinamerikas eingeweiht. Die Einweihungszeremonie war gleichzeitig ein Triumph der anti-neoliberalen Bewegung Boliviens, welche im Wasserkrieg im Jahr 2000 und im Steuer- und Gaskrieg im Jahr 2003 ihren Höhepunkt erreichte. Morales und MAS unterstützten die sogenannten Neoliberalen Kriege. Der Sieg der MAS und von Morales in den Wahlen regt Spekulationen an, dass der Neoliberale Konsens in der Elite, der Bolivien zwei Jahrzehnte lang regierte, gebrochen ist. Die Frage nach einem Konsenswechsel ergibt sich nicht nur von Morales’ und MAS Partizipation in den Neoliberalen Kriegen, sondern auch weil die MAS viele Forderungen der Proteste 2000 und 2003 in ihr Parteiprogramm aufgenommen haben. Während sich Morales’ anti-neoliberale Denkweisen offensichtlich in der bolivianischen Bevölkerung großer Beliebtheit erfreuen, ist es nicht erwiesen, dass sich diese Popularität auf die Elite des Landes erstreckt. Der potentielle Konsensbruch bezüglich des Neoliberalismus in der Elite entstand jedoch nicht von ungefähr. Im Gegenteil: er baute sich über die gesamte Geschichte Boliviens hinweg auf und wurde von den Rahmenbedingungen im Land begünstigt. Mit Hilfe der kritischen Theorie von Antonio Gramsci und Robert W. Cox, welche in Kapitel 2 vorgestellt wird, erforscht diese Magisterarbeit ob der Neoliberale Konsens in der Bolivianischen Elite gebrochen ist. Mit Unterstützung des Konzeptes, dass Geschichte und Produktionsbeziehungen Gesellschaften und die Gegebenheiten in ihnen den hegemonialen Diskurs formen, stellt diese Arbeit in den Kapiteln 3 Boliviens Geschichte bis dato dar und bespricht in Kapitel 4 wichtige Themen der aktuellen Bolivianischen Politik und Wirtschaft. Die Umsetzung der neoliberalen Ideologie und Richtlinien in Bolivien wurde von den USA, den hegemonialen Institutionen (der Internationalen Währungsfond und der Weltbank) sowie der sich in der Regierung abwechselnden Elite propagiert und implementiert. Die neoliberalen Programme der 1980er und 1990er wurden trotz bitteren Protesten seitens der Bevölkerung beibehalten, die sich gegen die negativen Konsequenzen der Programme wehrten. Da die kritischen Theorie Konflikte als Mechanismen sieht, die Machtverhältnisse verändern und einen Hegemon/ein hegemoniales System stürzen können, werden auch die Neoliberalen Kriege Boliviens besprochen. Insbesondere im Steuer und Gaskrieg 2003 baute sich ein anti-hegemonialer Diskurs auf. Dieser Konflikt, in dem die MAS mitagierte, wird besonders begutachtet weil er den Präsidenten Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada (der neoliberale Kopf Boliviens) stürzte. Auf diesen Erkenntnissen basierend, wird in Kapitel 5 die Zeitungsanalyse vorgestellt. Diese wurde in zwei Zeiträumen vorgenommen: 2. bis 19. Oktober 2003 und 22. Januar bis 19. Februar 2006 (erster Monat der MAS-Regierung). Es wurden drei Zeitungen analysiert, welche je eine politische Strömung in der Bolivianischen Elite repräsentieren (La Prensa, konservative Tageszeitung; La Epoca, moderate Wochenzeitung, El Juguete Rabioso, ein alle zwei Wochen erscheinende linke Zeitung). Die Befunde der Zeitungsanalyse zeigten, dass die Bolivianische Elite sich sowohl gegen die anti-neoliberale Politik der MAS wendet, aber auch den Neoliberalismus und die Internationalen Finanzinstitutionen den Rücken gekehrt hat. Sie bewies auch, dass die Elite im Jahr 2003 erneut die Massen zu ihrem eigenen Vorteil missbrauchten, in dem sie ihre Wut, die gegen die Privatisierung der Gas Reserven gerichtet war, auf den regierenden Präsidenten (Sanchez de Lozada) umlenkten. Insofern zeigte die Zeitungsanalyse auch, dass ohne die Zustimmung der Elite in Bolivien ein friedlicher Systemwechsel unwahrscheinlich ist. Wie im Endfazit (Kapitel 6) beschrieben wird, hofft die bolivianische Elite, dass sich die MAS und Morales in inner- bzw. zwischen-parteilichen Scharmützeln verfängt, damit sich in der Zwischenzeit eine Alternative zwischen anti-hegemonialen und hegemonialem Diskurs findet, welche den Reichtum und die Macht der Elite erhält. Dies dürfte sich als schwierig erweisen, weil die politische Mitte Boliviens leer steht
Author Correction: Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing
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