1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Uncovering the hidden mechanisms governing the transcriptional regulation of inflammation
Full text linkInflammation provides broad immunological protection that is essential for our survival. This cellular response is characterised by a biphasic cycle consisting of an initial acute pro-inflammatory phase and a subsequent resolving anti-inflammatory phase. Underlying each of these phases are changes in the expression of hundreds of immune genes, which encode for inflammatory mediators called cytokines. Importantly, the biphasic nature of inflammation requires cytokine expression to be highly regulated and coordinated to different timescales during each phase of inflammation. For the initial proinflammatory response, cytokine expression needs to be rapid and robust to efficiently initiate host defence mechanisms and provide effective immunological protection. In contrast, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines is temporally delayed to ensure that anti-inflammation always follows pro-inflammation. In order to choreograph the expression of these cytokines during inflammation, numerous mechanisms within the cell serve to regulate and coordinate cytokine transcription. Within the eukaryotic nucleus, multiple modes of transcriptional regulation function cooperatively to provide the regulatory capacity that is required for complex transcription patterns to emerge. These include the organisation of the genome, which confine cognate chromosomal contacts that are causal to transcription, and long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that function to discretely fine tune transcriptional activity. Although many of the mechanisms that regulate transcription have been well described, their role in cytokine expression during inflammation remains largely unknown. In particular, the mechanisms that facilitate rapid and robust cytokine expression during proinflammation and the regulatory networks that coordinate the biphasic regulation of inflammation are unresolved. In this work, two novel lncRNAs were discovered to transcriptionally regulate these key features of cytokine expression during inflammation. The first, UMLILO (Upstream Master LncRNA of the Inflammatory chemokine LOcus), was found to emanate from the ELR+ CXCL chemokine TAD and regulate the transcriptional activation of the pro-inflammatory ELR+ CXCL chemokines (IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3). By exploiting the pre-formed local 3D topology, UMLILO is able to epigenetically prime the chemokines for transcriptional activation. This involves the discrete deposition of H3K4me3 onto the promoters of the chemokines, which allows for the pre-loading of transcriptional machinery prior to their signal-dependent activation. This reveals a fundamental mechanism for the epigenetic priming and rapid activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. The second lncRNA, called AMANZI (A MAster Non-coding RNA antagoniZing Inflammation), was found to coordinate the transcription of two functionally opposed cytokines: the master pro-inflammatory IL-1β and the broad antiinflammatory IL-37. AMANZI is encoded in the promoter of IL-1β, which results in its concomitant expression when IL-1β is transcriptionally active. Functionally, AMANZI mediates the formation of a dynamic chromosomal contact between IL-1β and IL-37. This leads to the delayed transcriptional activation of IL-37 ensuring that the pro-inflammatory function of IL-1β precedes IL-37 mediated anti-inflammation. This revealed a novel biphasic circuit that coordinated the expression of IL-1β and IL-37, through the activity of AMANZI, to regulate the two functionally opposed states of inflammation. Clinical observations in healthy individuals revealed that a polymorphism occurring in AMANZI (rs16944) was able to augment the state of this genetic circuit and shift the relative levels of IL-1β and IL-37 to influence an individual's inflammatory capacity. This affected the establishment of innate immunological memory, which is involved in the progression of many inflammatory conditions and the efficacy of certain vaccines. The work described here uncovers novel mechanisms that transcriptionally regulate key features of the inflammatory response. Importantly, this work implicates the role of two novel lncRNAs in inflammation, essentially contributing to the functional annotation to the genome and providing novel targets for the modulation of pathogenic inflammation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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