1,721,164 research outputs found
Glucocorticoids as cytokine inhibitors: role in neuroendocrine control and therapy of inflammatory diseases
No full textGlucocorticoids are potent inhibitors of inflammation and endotoxic shock. This probably occurs through an inhibition of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as of many of their toxic activities. Therefore, endogenous glucocorticoids (GC) might represent a major mechanism in the control of cytokine mediated pathologies. GC inhibit the synthesis of cytokines in various experimental models. Adrenalectomy or GC antagonists potentiate TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 production in LPS treated mice. GC inhibit the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites and the induction of NO synthase. They also inhibit various activities of cytokines including toxicity, haemodynamic shock and fever. Adrenalectomy sensitizes to the toxic effects of LPS, TNF and IL-1. On the other hand, GC potentiate the synthesis of several cytokine induced APP by the liver. Since many of these proteins have anti-toxic activities (antioxidant, antiprotease etc.) or bind cytokines, this might well represent a GC mediated protective feedback mechanism involving the liver. Not only do GC inhibit cytokines, but in vivo LPS and various cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-6) increase blood GC levels through a central mechanism involving the activation of the HPA. Thus, this neuroendocrine response to cytokines constitutes an important immunoregulatory feedback involving the brain
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Headspace chromatographic analysis for determining low levels of chloroform in human plasma
No full textHeadspace chromatographic analysis for determining low levels of chloroform in human plasm
Gold Nanoparticles Protected with Triethyleneglycol-functionalized Thiolates: Acid Induced Clustering of the Aggregates and Solvent Dependent Optical Properties
No full textL'ATTIVITÀ FISICA IN GRAVIDANZA: RISULTATI PRELIMINARI DI UN’INDAGINE DI PREVALENZA SU UN CAMPIONE DI DONNE DELLA PROVINCIA DI MODENA.
No full textINTRODUZIONE:
Praticare attività fisica in gravidanza contribuisce al mantenimento della salute della donna e del nascituro: l’OMS
consiglia di svolgere esercizio fisico regolare durante tutta la gestazione. Spesso tuttavia, specie nell’ultimo trimestre,
le donne tendono a ridurre o cessare l’attività fisica, rinunciando ai benefici apportati dal movimento e andando incontro
ad un possibile eccessivo aumento ponderale. Lo scopo dello studio è valutare le abitudini delle gestanti, analizzando
diversi aspetti dell’attività fisica svolta prima e durante la gravidanza (tipo, frequenza, durata) ed i fattori comportamentali
ad essi potenzialmente correlati.
MATERIALI E METODI:
Si tratta di uno studio epidemiologico osservazionale trasversale in corso presso l’U.O. di Ostetricia e Ginecologia
dell’Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena. Attualmente sono state reclutate, su base volontaria e
previo rilascio del consenso informato, 211 puerpere (età media: 33 anni, nazionalità Italiana: 81%), le informazioni sono
state raccolte tramite questionario appositamente predisposto.
RISULTATI:
Delle 211 donne arruolate, 103 (48.8%) hanno dichiarato di aver svolto esercizio regolare prima della gravidanza;
le attività più rappresentate sono risultate le camminate (14,2%) e la ginnastica (13,3%). Durante la gravidanza, si
osserva un lieve calo della prevalenza (che si attesta al 46,4%) di donne che praticano esercizio fisico. La camminata
si conferma l’attività più praticata: il 22,7% delle donne dichiara di averla svolta nel I trimestre, il 26% nel II trimestre e il
24,2% nel III trimestre. Tuttavia, solo il 16,6% delle donne ha svolto attività fisica per un tempo complessivo ≥150 minuti
a settimana, valore indicato come ottimale dall’OMS. La sedentarietà risulta più diffusa in donne con età ≥40 anni, con
basso livello di istruzione, di nazionalità extraeuropea, tra le fumatrici e le donne ipertese.
CONCLUSIONI:
La gravidanza può rappresentare il momento ideale per iniziare ad adottare uno stile di vita sano. Tuttavia, sebbene
in aumento rispetto al passato, un numero ancora limitato di donne in gravidanza pratica regolarmente attività fisica.
E’ auspicabile quindi che efficaci interventi di sanità pubblica volti a promuovere l’esercizio fisico possano essere
identificati, predisposti e implementati anche per questo specifico gruppo di donne
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Inhibitors of cytochrome P450 suppress tumor necrosis factor production
No full text: We tested the effect of different inhibitors of cytochrome P450 on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. Metyrapone and SKF525A (100 and 50 mg/kg, ip, respectively) suppressed serum TNF induced by cotreatment with endotoxin (LPS), (2.5 micrograms/mouse). Inhibition was independent of endogenous corticosteroids since it was also observed in adrenalectomized mice. In vitro production of TNF by endotoxin-stimulated human monocytes was also inhibited by metyrapone and SKF525A. Since lipoxygenase (LO) inhibitors also block TNF production and metyrapone was reported to inhibit LO, we suggest that inhibition by metyrapone and SKF525A might be due to inhibition of either LO or a cytochrome P450 implicated in the oxidation of endogenous substrates involved in the inflammatory response
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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