1,720,987 research outputs found
Post mortem proteolysis and tenderization of beef muscle through infusion of calcium chloride
No full textA study involving 48 beef carcasses was conducted in order to evaluate the effects
of 0.3 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) injection on final tenderness in muscle Longissimus thoracis et lumborum.
Injection of beef carcasses with CaCl2 accelerated post mortem tenderization process.
Ca2+-dependent proteases (m-calpain and m-calpain) and their inhibitor (calpastatin) activities were
all significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in CaCl2 injected animals (n = 24) compared with control animals
(n = 24). Tenderness, assessed by measuring shear force, was significantly improved (P < 0.05)
by CaCl2 injection both at two and eight days post mortem
Donkey
No full textAdvances in knowledge on donkey milk as a dietary ingredient for sensitive consumers, like infants with food allergies, adults with inflammatory problems and aged people, have attracted interest in donkeys as a dairy species.
Donkey milk production differs greatly from that of conventional dairy species. Data on milking technique and routine, animal housing and management, milk yield and composition, also related to animal nutrition, welfare, and milk microbiology, are reviewed within the scenario of an agromedical dairy chain. This innovative dairy enterprise is growing in many countries, often as an activity supporting environmental preservation programs
Carbon footprint of intensive vs. extensive dairy farming in Gargano area
Full text linkCarbon footprint is an indicator of environmental sustainability
quantifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by
the individual or collective activities. Two dairy farms located in Foggia province (CaseStudy1, CS1;
CaseStudy2, CS2) both raising Mediterranean buffaloes (B) and
crossbred Italian Friesian cows (C) with different management
systems (intensive vs. extensive) were studied to investigate the
impacts of milk production. Data about herd characteristics (live
weights, mortality, fertility, production), diets composition, and
manure management of dairy buffaloes (n = 136 vs. n = 78, CS1B
and CS2B respectively) and dairy cows (n = 44 vs. n = 31, CS1C
and CS2C respectively) were collected to evaluate the GHG emissions
on a year basis according to FAO assessment model
(GLEAM-i ver 1.9, https://www.fao.org/gleam/resources/en/).
Considering the global warming potential (GWP) of buffalo farms,
the more extensive system in CS2B was found less impactful than
the intensive CS1B, showing −33.7% of total GHG emissions
(expressed as kg CO2-eq/year) and −50.8% of total CH4 (expressed
as kg CH4/year). Both feed intake (kg DM/year) and milk production
(kg/year) were lower in CS2B (−48.3% and −52.7 % respectively),
so that it resulted more impactful (+42.5%) when milk
emission intensity (kg CO2-eq/kg protein) was considered. The
total N2O emission (kg N2O/year) was +56.7% in CS2B due to the
different manure management.
Regarding the dairy cow farms, CS2C was found less impactful
in terms of both total GHG and CH4 (−21.1% and −37.5% respectively)
emissions. Feed intake and milk production were lower
in CS2C (−32.4% and −36.9% respectively), resulting the milk
emission intensity higher (+25.8%) than in CS1C. Consistently
with emissions in buffalo farms, the total N2O emission was
higher (+56.6%) in the extensive system.
Data processing suggested that GHG emissions were closely
related to feed production practices, diet composition and manure
management in the different farms. On this regard, formulating
diets that match the nutritional animal requirements, improving
feed digestibility and availability, introducing alternative protein
source or by-product, and implementing manure and animal
waste processing, could allow a more sustainable use of natural
resources, limiting the potential negative environmental impacts
while preserving farm remunerability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Distribution of selected trace elements in the major fractions of donkey milk
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, Co, Li, B, Ti, Cr, Rb, Sr, Cd, and Pb in donkey milk and their distribution in major milk fractions (i.e., fat, casein, whey proteins, and aqueous phase). Individual milk samples were provided by 16 clinically healthy lactating donkeys. Subsequent centrifugation, ultracentrifugation, and ultrafiltration were carried out to remove fat, casein, and whey proteins to obtain skim milk, a supernatant whey fraction, and the aqueous phase of milk, respectively. Concentrations of the elements were measured in whole milk and fractions by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and the concentrations associated with fat, casein, and whey proteins were then calculated. The effect of removal of fat, casein, and whey proteins was determined by repeated-measures ANOVA. The fat fraction of donkey milk carried a small (∼4.5% to 13.5%) but significant proportion of Mo, Co, Ti, Cr, and Sr. The casein fraction in donkey milk carried almost all milk Zn, a majority of Cu and Mn, and most of Mo, Ti, and Sr. Relevant proportions, between 20% and 36%, of Se, Co, and Cr were also associated with caseins. The majority of Se, Co, Li, B, Cr, and Rb, and relevant proportions of Mn, Mo, Ti, and Sr were found in soluble form (ultracentrifuged samples) and distributed between whey proteins and the aqueous phase of milk (ultrafiltered samples). Whey proteins in donkey milk carried the majority of milk Se and Co. All Li and B was present in the aqueous phase of milk, which also contained most Rb and Cr, and 17% to 42% of Mn, Se, Mo, Co, Ti, and Sr
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