1,720,957 research outputs found
Autism and Architecture: The Importance of a Gradual Spatial Transition
No full textEven if, the studies on Autism Spectrum Disorder, consistently describe the mechanisms and causes of neurodevelopment abnormalities, they still contain a limited source of information on the Architecture’s relevance to the issue and its importance in everyday life of individuals diagnosed with it.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2014 over 1% of the American population was diagnosed with ASD. However, in Europe statistical database is rather scarce, but based on the Department of Health, Social Care of UK it is estimated that more than half a million people in England have autism, more than 1% of the population. Moreover, as stated by ASDEU (Autism Spectrum Disorders in the European Union) due to limited research on adults many persons with ASD are not even diagnosed until adulthood, whatsoever environment is not responding to their needs. Through this analysis, it is understood that spatial studies and their performance on neuro-atypical individuals go far beyond minority group necessities.
The research has been developed in collaboration with the no-profit organization (UDSA) active on the relevance of the surrounding environment on the educational process of neuro-atypical individuals in the age of twenties. Explicitly, the organization concentrates on preparation and integrating of the individuals with ASD within society, by strengthening personal talents or abilities after compulsory education. For this reason, the study aims in the following pages to underline the influence and contribution of the Architecture in the improvement and apprehension of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Due to the opposite poles of the spectrum as hypersensitivity or lack of sensitivity, unidirectional design guideline cannot be applied but, rather deepened crucial Architectural criteria. In fact, the research project intends to provide a spatial strategy, coherent and adaptive towards given circumstances, to deal with the variety and individuality of the ASD. The research focuses on providing a comparative method on up-to-day projects inquiring ASD through spatial features. However, observing already existing theoretical or physical projects, it is manifested that design approach remains vague and considerably limited tangible solutions.
The inquiry reveals, that the majority of the projects tend to concentrate around young generations and their learning processes, such approach leads to a big number of individuals with ASD abandoned in their adulthood by the academic system. Therefore, the chosen method selects certain characteristics from ongoing practices to explore them within spatial relations; the connection between interior and exterior, degree of inclusiveness, and gradual transition among shared or individual areas.
The research has been translated into specific design approach, which at the same time could comprehend different shades of the ASD. The architectural attitude consists of a GRADIENT STRATEGY that articulates spaces gradually based on their intensity, activity and frequency. The proposal maintains not only spatial progressivity but also a perceptive range of the environment for neuro-atypical individuals. By considering weaknesses and insufficiency that has emerged, this paper will propose a lucid theory of design process integrated with contradictory aspects of the spectrum while maintaining architectural articulation through the project
Above and below equator
Get PDFThe conception of Global North is referring, from geographical point of view to the Northern Hemisphere located above the Equator and the Global South, but the expres-sion is more used to describe a grouping of countries along socio-economic and political charac-teristics. The namely the part of the earth below the Equator is transforming more and more. Major dynamics of historical, post and new colonisation, greater economic discrepancy, politics power and subsequent accessibility to resources have created and engendered throughout the years the geographical difference. These phenomena inevitably lead to different approaches in spatial planning, territorial governance and particularly, in emergency assessment. This paper illustrates two different approaches to deal with natural hazards that occurred, one in the Global South, specifically the 2019 Tropical Cyclone Idai in the central area of Mozambique, along with the 2016 massive earthquake that took place mainly in the city of Amatrice in the central region of Lazio (Italy). This study seeks to investigate both hazardous events in their overall occurrence, focusing on the undertaken emergency approaches and the variety of diffi-culties encountered along these two challenging processes of recovery: geographical and geo-morphological intrinsic features - the presence of the Indian Ocean and the configuration of the Mozambican country, so as the disposition of the Italian country over the Eurasian and African plate, resulting in a consistent number of faults throughout Italy -, multi-level approach of administrative sectors, legal framework and community awareness. This parallel discussion will eventually highlight the need to improve communities and professionals’ preparedness, learn from previous mistakes, capacity building and raise awareness towards more conscious, fairer strategies to tackle emergencies. To this end, the main advantages identified in the BIM technol-ogy that could make major changes in this field, are certainly interoperability and the possibility of simulating the work process in a virtual way, using a constantly updated template. These and other innovative aspects will be discussed and analysed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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