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Hardware building blocks of a hierarchical battery management system for a fuel cell HEV
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Hierarchical Platform for Monitoring, Managing and Charge Balancing of LiPo Batteries
No full textOne of the key aspects which determines the performance of a Lithium battery pack used for traction on electric vehicles is how the charge is equally distributed among the cells. Indeed, charge balancing is one of the main function that a Battery Management System (BMS) has to perform. Even though the study of balancing systems is currently considered a hot topic, there are no common procedures and metrics to evaluate their performance. A three-level hierarchy BMS with test benching features was designed for this purpose and it is discussed in this article. It is able to provide valuable comparisons and information about the efficiency and the balancing time of different circuitries, when used together with an ad-hoc defined test procedure. Some experiments carried out on different passive and active balancing circuits are presented and discussed
A New and Accurate System for Measuring Cruising Yacht Freeboards With Magnetostrictive Sensors
No full textKnowing the freeboard levels of a yacht is crucial for boat builders and hull designers because it allows them to easily obtain precise information about the ship displacement, as well as about its trim. This paper describes a system that automatically performs the freeboard acquisition (substituting the rudimental and inaccurate manual reading currently used) with a great improvement of the measurement automation and accuracy. It consists of a wireless sensor network, the nodes of which are three magnetostrictive water level sensors, an inclinometer, and a personal-computer-based central unit. The major error sources in the measurements have been investigated and controlled to be below a desired accuracy by compensating for temperature and water-density variations. In fact, one node of the network is equipped with an additional level meter that allows the direct and automatic measurement of the water density, i.e., a fundamental parameter to calculate the boat displacement. The experimental results show the functionality of the system and also its great potential in extracting additional information for yacht characterization by means of postprocessing the acquired data
High-Efficiency Digitally-Controlled Charge Equalizer for Series-Connected Cells based on Switching Converter and Super-Capacitor
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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