1,720,990 research outputs found
Improving the Health of Canadians: Exploring Positive Mental Health: A Commentary on the Canadian Institute for Health Information’s Report
No full textThis article was voluntarily written by the author as a commentary on the Canadian Institute for Health Information’s (CIHI) report, Improving the Health of Canadians: Exploring Positive Mental Health, to add to the literature on positive mental health and mental health promotion. The views in this article are only those of the author and not those of the Canadian Population Health Initiative or the Canadian Institute for Health Information
Clinician Responses to Clients Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence
No full textFull Text is available to authenticated members of The University of Auckland only.Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is commonly experienced by women throughout the world and results in adverse physical and mental health consequences, indicating that clinicians are ideally placed to respond to clients experiencing IPV. Little is known about clinician responses to IPV in practice, as most previous research has focused on identification and description of clients experiencing IPV rather than clinician responses. Aim: To describe clinician responses to IPV within New Zealand’s Violence Intervention Programme. Method: A descriptive epidemiological approach was used, involving secondary analysis of routinely-collected data from forms documenting clinician assessments of and responses to IPV at one district health board during 2019. Findings: Few IPV positive presentations (N = 337 out of 80,432 visits for women and men aged over 16 years, 0.5%) were identified with one third of these (35.3%) being identified due to assault presentations, indicating that routine enquiry was not happening. Large proportions of risk assessment data were missing (9.3% to 45.4%). Risk assessment information that was documented identified that: many IPV positive clients reported multiple indicators of risk for further harm from their abuser (women 71.4%, men 66.6%); large proportions disclosed mental health risks (self-harm/suidical thoughts: women 51.2%, men 48.8%; alcohol misuse: women 22.2%, men 19.4%; and substance misuse: women 25.9%, men 29.4%); and, of the 191 cases with children in the home, in many instances the violence was witnessed by the children (61.3%), with smaller numbers disclosing that the children had been physically abused (7.8%). Despite identified risks, substantial proportions of data for referral responses were missing (28.4% to 78.2%). Alluvial diagrams illustrated the flow of IPV positive presentations through the Violence Intervention Programme and showed that, even when risk of further harm from the abuser was documented for clients, in many instances (44.8%) no referral responses were
documented. Conclusion: Considerable discrepancies existed between recommended clinician responses to IPV and what happened in practice, identifying under-utilisation of valuable opportunities within the health sector to address the health harm associated with IPV. Further engagement at the policy and executive leadership level may support improved clinician responses. Qualitative research may identify additional barriers and enablers and support improved response practices
"The Gremlin of Silence": Exploring the New Zealand Catholic, Methodist, and Presbyterian Religious Institutional Responses to Interpersonal Violence
No full textViolence is a complex, persistent and significant public health, Indigenous and human rights issue. New Zealand has amongst the highest reported rates of intimate violence, sexual violence, and violence within families and whānau in the developed world. Literature shows interpersonal violence is a preventable and solvable problem. Integrated and effective systems responses are required to address interpersonal violence in New Zealand. This involves government, multiple sectors and agencies, iwi and diverse communities. The religious sector is, however, less examined in New Zealand and needs to be addressed. Responding to this gap, this qualitative multiple-case study explores New Zealand Catholic, Methodist and Presbyterian Churches’ institutional perspectives on what helps and what hinders their institution in developing responses to interpersonal violence and considers how these can be improved. Diverse representation was sought from senior leadership within the churches, theological institutions and social services who were involved in setting strategic direction, policy development, service delivery, professional standards, and training. Multiple data sources were used in this study: semi-structured interviews analysed using reflexive thematic analysis; a review of institutional documents, publications and any written material suggested by participants or written by New Zealand religious institutional members; church and affiliated entities’ websites were reviewed, as well as domestic and international literature relating to each religious institution. This study concludes with a summary, synthesis and contextualisation of the overall findings from the three religious institutions. A bricolage theoretical framework weaves together the six mutually reinforcing components of the Infrastructure-Systems Approach with the six levels of the Social Ecological Model. Issues of intersectionality, power and historical trauma are acknowledged. Overall findings are presented under six headings: “Leadership, including governance and management”, “Guidelines, policies, procedures, including documentation”, “Training”, “Resources”, “Dedicated roles to support staff”, and “Quality Improvement and Evaluation”. This study concludes with a discussion of the key implications for New Zealand religious institutions, the New Zealand government and wider violence prevention and intervention field. This includes: the need to extend definitions of violence to include spiritual abuse and the failure of, and urgent need for the New Zealand government to include religious institutions in integrated approaches to address violence
Beyond Zero Tolerance: key issues and future directions for family violence work in New Zealand
No full textSummary: This report provides a broad outline of areas of family violence, such as child, intimate partner and elder abuse. An overview is provided of some of the pertinent issues surrounding these types of abuse, including prevalence, incidence, consequences, and risk and protective factors. This report highlights that to fully address family violence, interventions must go beyond the individual and the family to include recognition of community and societal factors. From a health perspective, this report identifies a number of gaps - perceived or otherwise - in the research, approaches and responses to family violence in New Zealand. These gaps must be explored, assessed and evaluated to ensure programme accountability. Theoretical frameworks to address violence are discussed as the author combines the Ecological Model and the Coordinated Community Action Model to produce a new integrated conceptual initiative. This three-dimensional model proposes a multi-levelled intersectoral approach to eliminating family violence. Finally, this report suggests that a collaborative approach, integrating research, policy, advocacy and practice will sustain family violence prevention strategies in the long-term
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Associations between women’s exposure to intimate partner violence and physical health outcomes: A structured literature review and analysis of the 2019 New Zealand Family Violence Study dataset
No full textBackground: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a social and public health issue internationally, including in New Zealand (NZ). Types of IPV include physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, as well as controlling behaviours and economic abuse. Research has documented the impact of IPV experience on acute physical health and pregnancy-related outcomes, as well as longer-term mental health outcomes. More recently, IPV is receiving increased recognition as an important causal factor for a range of long-term physical health problems. This thesis explores the gap in NZ-based research on IPV exposure and health outcomes, and contributes to filling knowledge gaps about the association between IPV and health outcomes internationally.
Methods: This study was conducted via a structured literature review and secondary analysis of data from the 2019 New Zealand Family Violence study (NZFVS). The structured literature review expanded and updated Stubbs and Szoeke’s (2021) systematic review to determine what is currently known about associations between women’s exposure to IPV and non-communicable physical health outcomes in the published literature, and to identify control and covariates commonly used in these studies. The structured literature review comprised 48 studies; an expanded analysis of thirty-six studies (published 2012-2019) included in Stubbs and Szoeke (2021), and twelve studies published from 2019 to April 2021.
The secondary analysis utilised data from 1,431 ever-partnered women from the population-based NZFVS dataset to undertake a cross-sectional examination of associations between IPV exposure (by any IPV, IPV severity, IPV types, and multiple types of IPV) and health outcomes (including self-rated physical health, pain-related experiences, and diagnoses of health conditions) among NZ women.
Findings: The structured literature review reinforced previous findings; while many studies indicated that IPV exposure is associated with poor physical health outcomes, these associations and their sizes varied due to a wide range of IPV measurements assessed and differential characteristics of samples used. The literature review also highlighted a complex relationship between IPV exposure, physical health, mental health, and health risk behaviours.
Analysis found that IPV is highly prevalent among NZ women, with 43% of the sample reporting experiencing any IPV over their lifetime. This includes high prevalence of less ‘visible’ types such as psychological IPV, controlling behaviours, and economic abuse. Experience of multiple IPV types is also highly prevalent; 64% of women who experienced IPV experienced two or more IPV types. Women’s experience of any IPV, as well as specific types of IPV, were significantly associated with increased risks of experiencing worse health outcomes. For example, women who experienced any lifetime IPV were almost twice as likely to report poor general health (AOR 1.79 [1.30-2.47]) and recent pain or discomfort (AOR 1.75 [1.33-2.30]), and nearly three times as likely to have a diagnosed mental health condition (AOR 2.74 [2.03-3.71]). Further, women who experienced severe physical IPV or multiple types of IPV were more likely to experience worse health outcomes.
Conclusions: Both the structured literature review and data analysis found that women’s exposure to IPV is associated with increased risks for experiencing worse physical health outcomes, and findings highlighted the importance of considering the role of different IPV types, severity, and multiple types. NZ’s healthcare services need to be mobilised and engaged to proactively identify and support management of IPV exposure given its frequency within the population and strong associations with poor physical health outcomes
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
What Factors Contribute to Positive Mental Health for Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence?
No full textAims: The possibility of better outcomes for women in the intimate partner violence (IPV) context is an emerging and relatively unexplored area of interest. In this thesis, I explored the factors associated with positive mental health outcomes, using a holistic and multidimensional measure of positive mental health.
Methods: I took data from He Koiora Matapopore (the 2019 Family Violence Study), a population-based study collecting data on 2,887 men and women aged 16 and over in New Zealand. I applied a population health perspective and a feminist empirical lens. Firstly, we (with co-authors) conducted confirmatory factor analysis to explore the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, a measure of positive mental health used in the study. Second, we created a multivariable logistic model to explore the factors contributing to positive mental health in a sample of women with exposure to IPV. Third, we carried out structural equation modelling to explore which aspects of social support contributed to positive mental in this sample. Finally, I synthesised the key findings using a socio-ecological framework.
Results: Results demonstrate confidence that the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form can be used to measure positive mental health for a general sample of the New Zealand population. Safety from abuse emerged as key factor enabling positive mental health outcomes in the IPV context, as well as ongoing social support. Negative reactions to disclosures was negatively associated with positive mental health. Individual factors (e.g., general health, socio-economic factors) and receiving formal support did not have significant associations with positive mental health. The structural equation modelling identified the key role that friends, families and neighbours had in contributing to positive mental health. Importantly, the benefits of social support were consistent regardless of socio-demographic factors and severity. The results reinforced the findings of the multivariable regression by demonstrating that in the absence of safety from violence, social support is not enough to contribute to positive mental health.
Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that social factors matter the most in contributing to positive mental health following experience of IPV. Whilst the detrimental effects of IPV should never be minimised, findings suggest communities should better support women who have exposure to IPV. This could be through enhanced resourcing of community supports, education, and coordinated community responses
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