1,720,953 research outputs found
A preliminary study on milk kefir proteomic characterization.
No full textKefir is a South Caucasian drink, belonging to traditional fermented milk, it is made by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep milk with kefir “grains” which is a starter made up of proteins, lipids, bacteria and yeasts kept together by a liposoluble polysaccharide called "Kefiran".
From a nutritional point of view, the proteins in milk kefir are partially digested so that they can be easily used by the organism, it is a font of essential amino acids, calcium and magnesium, important minerals for the maintenance of a healthy nervous system, phosphorus and vitamins. Milk kefir is also considered a probiotic drink thanks to the large numbers of microorganisms that are present in this beverage, it is suitable for lactose-intolerant individuals since the “grains” shows a -galactosidase activity. A very recent study, performed in high-fat diet mice, reported that kefir consumption modulates gut microbiota and mycobiota and prevents obesity and fatty liver disease by promoting fatty acid oxidation [1]. However, until now, there is a gap in literature on the proteomic composition of this fermented drink. Therefore, the objective of this study was a proteomic analysis of kefir milk (derived from bovine milk) by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Before to be analyzed, kefir milk was centrifuged (13000g for 20 min) and then filtered with 0.22 filter in order to remove bacteria. The total protein present in the filtered kefir were concentrated by precipitation with 90% ammonium sulphate. The precipitated proteins were resuspended in 50mM tris/HCl pH 7.5 and before 2-DE were treated with 2D-Clean-Up (GE Healthcare). 0,5 mg of total proteins were resuspended in a rehydratation buffer containing urea and detergents and subjected to isoelectric focusing on an immobilized pH gradient 3-10 (Immobiline DryStrip gel, 18cm, GE Healthcare). The second dimension consisted of a 15% SDS-PAGE. After electrophoresis, the proteins were stained by Coomassie blue. The gel was analyzed by the software PDquest (Bio-Rad) for spot quantitation, determination of isoelectric point and molecular weight. As a result, were found two broad protein regions, one in the pH range of 3.4-6.2 and Mr of about 31.0 kDa, another one in the pH range of 3.4-5.3 and Mr of about 21.0 kDa which could derive from bovine milk casein and -lactoglobulin, respectively. Interestingly, there are several low molecular weight peptides, which may derive from the fermentative processes. The presence of low molecular weight peptides is one of the characteristics that determines the digestibility of kefir milk with respect to whole bovine milk. These low molecular weight proteins may be the bioactive peptides, defined as specific protein fragments that have a positive impact on body functions and conditions and may ultimately influence health [2]. Bioactivities described for milk-derived peptides includes opiate, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antithrombotic, anticancer, mineral carrying and growth-promoting properties. These milk-derived peptides are mainly obtained from milk casein, but some classes of peptides are also derived from whey proteins and may show one or more synergic activities [3].
The data obtained in this preliminary study are very encouraging and, up to now, there aren’t data on the kefir proteomic characterization in the literature. The spot proteins separated by 2-DE will be extracted from the gel and will be identified by mass spectrometry. The results that will be obtained from this study will clarify the protein composition of kefir milk and also identify and characterize the peptides (of which this matrix is particularly rich) that could have an important nutraceutical function and hence a positive impact on human health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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