12,529 research outputs found
Exploiting tacit knowledge through knowledge management technologies
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to examine the contributions and suitability of the available knowledge management (KM) technologies, including the Web 2.0 for exploiting tacit knowledge. It proposes an integrated framework for extracting tacit knowledge in organisations, which includes Web 2.0 technologies, KM tools, organisational learning (OL) and Community of Practice (CoP). It reviews a comprehensive literature covering overview of KM theories, KM technologies and OL and identifies the current state of knowledge relating to tacit knowledge exploitation. The outcomes of the paper indicate that Internet and Web 2.0 technologies have stunning prospects for creating learning communities where tacit knowledge can be extracted from people. The author recommends that organisations should design procedures and embed them in their Web 2.0 collaborative platforms persuading employees to record their ideas and share them with other members. It is also recommended that no idea should be taken for granted in a learning community where tacit knowledge exploitation is pursued. It is envisaged that future research should adopt empirical approach involving Complex Adaptive Model for Tacit Knowledge Exploitation (CAMTaKE) and the Theory of Deferred Action in examining the effectiveness of KM technologies including Web 2.0 tools for tacit knowledge exploitation
Li Fang-Kuei (1902-1987)
No full textFang-Kuei Li was one of the foremost scholars of Thai and Sino-Tibetan studies and a major contributor to Amerind studies. Born in China, he was one of the early scholars sent to the United States to study. He had developed an interest in language while learning English, Latin, and German as part of his studies in China, and so he decided to study linguistics in the United States. In 1924, he went to the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, receiving his B.A. 2 years later, then moved to the University of Chicago, where he received his M.A. and Ph.D., studying with Edward Sapir, Leonard Bloomfield, and Carl Darling Buck
Devario xyrops Fang & Kullander, 2009, new species
No full text<i>Devario xyrops,</i> new species <p>(Fig. 1)</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> NRM 45658, adult female, 60.6 mm SL; Myanmar: Rakhine State: Thandwe: Thade River drainage: Taunggok, Yan Khaw Chaung, <i>ca</i> 4 km on logging road from Gwetauk village, 23 km on road Taunggok–Pyay; 21 Mar 1998, S. O. Kullander & R. Britz (SOK-98-010).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> All from Myanmar, Rakhine State. NRM 40843, 21, 44.8–76.9 mm SL; NRM 41674, 1, 55.2 mm SL; NRM 45596, 10, 9.5–21.9 mm SL. Same data as holotype. — NRM 40835, 6: 33.3–49.7 mm SL; NRM 41673, 1, 41.8 mm SL; Kananmae Chaung, near Leldee village, by foot 45 min from Gwechaung village at km 18 on road Thandwe–Taunggok. 20 Mar 1998. S. O. Kullander & R. Britz (SOK-98-007). — BMNH 2009.5.5.20–24, 5, 36.8–74.0 mm SL; Kyeintali Chaung; 15 Oct 2008, Thein Naing.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Distinguished from all other species of <i>Devario</i> except <i>D. anomalus</i> Conway <i>et al.</i> (2009) by the colour pattern, with a dark blotch anteriorly on the side composed of 4–5 short partly confluent vertical bars which may also be confluent to form a homogeneous blotch, and a wide dark horizontal band (P stripe) posteriorly on the side. Distinguished from <i>D. anomalus</i> by proportional measurements and meristics, most important by deeper body (29.9–35.,8% SL, vs. 25.0–26.8 % SL) and fewer lateral line scales (31–33, modally 32 vs. 33–35, modally 34). Distinguished from all barred species of <i>Devario</i> also by presence of an infraorbital process.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Measurements and counts were taken from 10 specimens, 59.5–76.9 mm SL (Table 1), representing the largest adults available, supplemented by counts from 13 additional X-radiographed specimens. All measured specimens were examined for gonads, and all have ripe ovaries and testes. The two largest specimens, 74.6 and 76.9 mm SL, are female, and male, respectively.</p> <p>Body laterally compressed, elongate, females slightly more deep-bodied than males (31.4–35.8 % SL vs. 29.9–31.0 %), and with deeper (16.5–18.7 % SL vs. 15.8–16.9 %) and wider (13.5–14.6 % SL vs. 12.9–13.5 %) head. Predorsal contour straight, ascending, sloping posteriorly from dorsal-fin insertion. Prepelvic contour strongly curved, more so in females; chest conspicuously more compressed below pectoral fin, but not keeled. Snout short, rounded in dorsal aspect, subtriangular in lateral aspect, about as long as eye diameter. Infraorbital process broader than high, with truncate distal margin which usually slightly irregular. Danionine notch caudally margined by well developed anteromediad projecting laminar dentary process. Skin cover absent from distal part of infraorbital process, dentary process, and anterior margin of supraorbital. Mouth terminal, obliquely directed upwards. Small bony knob at dentary symphysis. Maxilla reaching to below anterior margin of orbit. Jaws equal anteriorly; lower jaw ending anteriorly at horizontal through middle of eye. Lower jaw with 2–3 rows of minute conical tubercles concentrated on lateral surface, and additional scattered tubercles anteriorly, occasionally absent (Fig. 2) or only a few tubercles close to lower lip; tuberculation variably developed from hardly visible to well developed without correlation with sex. In all males two rows of strong, densely arranged sharp-tipped conical tubercles on the unbranched, and following 6–7 rays of pectoral fin; pectoral-fin tubercles absent in females. Rostral barbels short, length of infraorbital 1 or to base of maxillary barbels; maxillary barbels much shorter, at most half length of rostral barbels.</p> <p>Lateral line complete, along 31 (1), 32 (7), 33 (1) scales, and 2 scales on caudal-fin base; comprising one tubed scale followed by a canal running steeply caudoventrad under unperforated scales to slightly posterior to pectoral-fin base, where curved caudad and represented by scales with indistinct or absent perforation anteriorly, becoming distinctly perforated posterior to adpressed pectoral fin; running in a curve parallel to the ventral body outline and ending low on caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base; vertical section represented by about six scales, horizontal section by 25 or 26 scales, continued by two scales on caudal- fin base. Median predorsal scales 13 (2), 14 (7), 15 (1). Lateral scale rows passing between dorsal and pelvic fins ½7+1+2 (10). Circumpeduncular scale rows 12 (5), 13 (1), 14 (4). A row of scales along anal-fin base. About ¼ of caudalfin length scaled basally.</p> <p>Dorsal-fin rays iii.10½ (10), iii.11½ (11), iii.12½ (2). Anal-fin rays iii.13½ (8), iii.14½ (14), iii.15½ (1). Pectoral-fin rays i.11 (4), i.12 (4), i.13 (2). Pelvic-fin rays i.6 (2), i.7 (18). Dorsal fin inserted at highest point of dorsum, little posterior to middle of body. Anal fin inserted below anterior rays of dorsal fin. Pectoral-fin insertion at about vertical through posterior margin of osseous opercle; extending to pelvic-fin origin, slightly longer in females than in males (22.8–24.9 % SL vs. 20.9–22.4 %). Pectoral-fin axial lobe well developed. Pelvic fin inserted slightly anterior to midbody, not reaching to anal-fin origin. Pelvic axillary scale present. Caudal fin forked, lobes of about equal length.</p> <p>Vertebrae 16+18=34 (7), 17+17=34 (12), 17+18=35 (4). Pharyngeal teeth 5,4,2/2,4,5 (one specimen dissected).</p> <p> <b>Colouration in preservative</b>. Dorsum pale brownish, sides whitish. Opercle brownish dorsally, silvery ventrally. Narrow dark brown predorsal midline. Dark brown vertically oriented cleithral spot covering part of first lateral-line scale and scale above. On middle of side anterior to vertical from dorsal-fin origin a series of 4–5 brown short vertical bars, partly confluent, in many specimens dark brown and confluent to form elongate dark blotch. Dark brown horizontal band, margined by narrower light bands above and below, starting slightly posterior to vertical from anal-fin origin, terminating at end of caudal peduncle. Area between anterior and posterior lateral markings either without markings or with indistinct short vertical bars; dorsally, between posterior part of anterior lateral marking and anterior part of posterior lateral band, usually a short light brown horizontal stripe or row of small spots. Dorsal and anal fins pigmented basally and with a greyish stripe from anterior margin of fin to tips of posterior rays; hyaline distal to dark stripe. Caudal fin lightly pigmented, horizontal dark band on caudal peduncle continuing faintly on middle rays. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline. Juvenile 21.9 mm SL (Fig. 3), with dark brown band posteriorly as in adults, but vertical bars only indicated in anterior pigmentation. Smaller juveniles with lateral band indistinct and anterior pigmentation diffuse.</p> <p> <b>Molecular data</b>. Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome <i>b</i> gene and a fragment of the nuclear rhodopsin gene were obtained from a single specimen from the type locality (NRM 41674) and reported by Fang <i>et al.</i> (2009), with GenBank accession numbers EU241374 and EU241439 (as <i>Danio</i> sp “TwoSpot”).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet refers to the sharp, exposed bony margin of the supraorbital and the wide infraorbital process, and is combined from the Greek <i>xyron</i> (DρOv), razor, and <i>ops</i> (ωΨ) eye. It stands as a noun in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Geographical distribution and habitat</b>. Known only from small streams on the western slope of the Rakhine Yoma, north and south of Thandwe (Fig. 4). The type locality (Fig. 5) is the same as for <i>Garra vittatula</i> (Kullander & Fang, 2004: 265). It was a small forest river, at the time of sampling in the low water season reduced to a series of connected pools, up to 2 m wide, and nowhere more than 1 m deep. The water was clear, colourless, and slow-flowing or stagnant. The stream bottom consisted of stones, gravel and rock. <i>Devario xyrops</i> was the dominant species. Other species included the cyprinids <i>Garra rakhinica</i> Kullander & Fang, <i>G. vittatula</i> Kullander & Fang, <i>Danio feegradei</i> Hora, also endemic to the western Rakhine State, and <i>Xenentodon cancila</i> (Hamilton) (Belonidae), <i>Channa</i> sp. (Channidae), <i>Lepidocephalichthys</i> sp. (Cobitidae), and <i>Sicyopterus fasciatus</i> (Day) (Gobiidae). <i>Puntius binduchitra</i> (Hora) (Cyprinidae); another endemic cyprinid easily identified by its colour pattern, was observed but could not be collected, and also one larger cyprinid specimen could not be sampled. The second locality, the Kananmae Chaung, is the type locality of <i>Danio aesculapii</i> Kullander & Fang, and is described by Kullander & Fang (2004:265; 2009: fig. 3). It is also a small forest stream with stony bottom. Habitat information is not available for the BMNH specimens.</p>Published as part of <i>Fang, Fang & Kullander, Sven O., 2009, Devario xyrops, a new species of danionine fish from south-western Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 33-40 in Zootaxa 2164 (1)</i> on pages 35-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2164.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5323423">http://zenodo.org/record/5323423</a>
FIGURE 5 in Devario xyrops, a new species of danionine fish from south-western Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)
No full textFIGURE 5. Devario xyrops. Type locality: Yan Khaw Chaung, ca 4 km on logging road from Gwetauk village, 23 km on road Taunggok–Pyay; 21 Mar 1998.Published as part of Fang, Fang & Kullander, Sven O., 2009, Devario xyrops, a new species of danionine fish from south-western Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 33-40 in Zootaxa 2164 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2164.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/532342
Distance and mean citation for first-last author relationship in three resolutions (100 m, 1 km, and 1000 km).
No full text<p>Distance and mean citation for first-last author relationship in three resolutions (100 m, 1 km, and 1000 km).</p
Depth variations of 410 km and 660 km discontinuities in eastern North China Craton revealed by ambient noise interferometry
No full textRecent studies have demonstrated that body waves between pairs of stations can be successfully retrieved from ambient noise cross correlation at both regional and global scales, although surface waves are the dominant signals. However, it is still difficult to use these retrieved body wave signals to map lateral depth variations of main structural discontinuities or velocity contrasts because of its low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this research, based on a dense seismic array in eastern North China Craton, reflected P wave signals from 410 km and 660 km discontinuities can be successfully recovered from ambient noise cross correlation. To improve SNR, the cross correlations are stacked within each bin with the phase-weighted stack method. The retrieved P410P and P660P phases from stacked correlations reveal lateral variations of both depths and sharpness of the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities along two profiles, which may be related with hot material upwelling and the effect of stagnant Pacific Plate in the transition zone beneath North China Craton. The imaging results are generally consistent with the results from teleseismic receiver functions, which demonstrate the possibility of mapping high-resolution topography and sharpness of deep internal discontinuities without earthquake-station geometric limitations
A new record of Leptobotia pellegrini Fang, 1936 (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Botiidae) from the Western Nghe An Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam
No full textWe report a new record of Leptobotia pellegrini Fang, 1936 from the Western Nghe An Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam, based on 25 specimens collected in the Kien stream (Ca River), Tuong Duong district, Nghe An province. Morphological features of these specimens were confirmed against the description of this species by Fang (1936). Our new data extend the species’ geographic range southward by approximately 650 km from the Gam River (Na Hang, Tuyen Quang province), Vietnam
Synthesis and Characterization of Free-Base, Copper, and Nickel Isocorroles
No full textA series of free-base and metalated isocorroles represented as (TT-n-iso-Cor)H2 and (TT-n-iso-Cor)MII, where n = 5 or 10 and
M = Ni or Cu, were synthesized and characterized by electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry in CH2Cl2 containing 0.1 M
tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate. The metalation of the free-base macrocycles with CoII, MnIII, or ZnII was also attempted but
was unsuccessful. Six isocorroles were isolated and shown to undergo two stepwise oxidations to give π-cation radicals and
dications in CH2Cl2, with the most stable products being obtained in the case of the 10-substituted derivatives. The same
isocorroles could also be reduced by one or two electrons, but the initial one-electron addition products are unstable and
undergo a rapid chemical reaction giving a reduced corrole or corrole-like product, which could be reoxidized to the
corresponding (TTCor)M at a controlled positive potential. This series of reactions effectively illustrates an isocorrole to corrole
conversion upon reduction and reoxidation and was monitored by both electrochemistry and thin-layer spectroelectrochemistry
Exploring the Shallow Geothermal Fluid Reservoir of Fang Geothermal System, Thailand via a 3-D Magnetotelluric Survey
No full textAfter early exploration during the 1980s and 1990s, the 0.3 MW Fang geothermal power plant was built as a demonstration to supply electricity to the local community. The shallow well (100 m) drilling program produced about 22 l/s of 125 °C water, and two wells to 500 m produced about 10 l/s. Due to the lack of detailed information on the geothermal system, the plan to expand to a larger power plant was halted to avoid the drilling missing the hot fluid. The plan was resumed in the last ten years starting with the magnetotelluric (MT) survey. Thirty three MT sites were deployed on the southern part of the Fang geothermal area. A remote site was installed about 600 km south of the study area for better data quality. After data processing, the data was inverted with WSINV3DMT to produce the 3-D resistivity model which clearly matches the near-surface geology and is also in agreement with the conceptual geology of the Fang geothermal system. The high resistivity zone is interpreted as the crystalline granitic rock, while the intermediate resistivity zone is associated with the Fang sedimentary basin. The resistivity contrast between the higher and lower resistivities helps reveal the orientations of the major Mae Chan Fault (MCF) and the two local faults of the area. The two main conductors of interests, C1 and C2, are directly linked to the hot fluid found at the surface. C1 is shallow (\u3c50 m), and found only beneath the Fang hot spring, and so it is interpreted as the fracture reservoir. C2, which was not discovered in previous studies, extends from near the surface to a depth of 500 m, and at a depth of 200 m, it is about 1 km wide. It is about 1 km south of the Fang hot spring where the warm water was found to have seeped to the surface through the MCF. Two possible interpretations are proposed for the C2 conductor. The first is that there is an impermeable clay zone trapping a relatively high resistivity geothermal fluid reservoir beneath, like the caprock of a magmatic geothermal play type. This would require a deeper well to extract the hot fluid. As with the C1 conductor, the other interpretation is that the C2 conductor is a fracture geothermal reservoir where hot fluid from the deep resides within the pores of the sedimentary rock and fractures of the altered granite. This would require a shallower well. Both interpretations suggest that the C2 anomaly is of value. Since it has never been explored, a drilling over the C2 anomaly is recommended to probe its characteristic and also to extract more hot fluid for the future expansion of the geothermal power plant
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