1,720,986 research outputs found
Protein quality and quantity in infant formulas: A critical look
No full textThe ideal quantity and quality of dietary proteins in milk formulas employed for infant nutrition is still a matter of controversy and debate. During the last years, there has been a tendency to lower the protein content in response to new estimations of protein requirements based on protein intakes and growth rates of breastfed infants. In most infant formulas the protein content is in the range of 1.4-1.8 g/100 ml. The lower limit of this range appears to be adequate for the growth and metabolic needs of the healthy infant. The safety of a further reduction of this limit to 1.2 g/100 ml (~1.8 g/100 kcal), which has been recently proposed, needs additional scrutiny and observation. In addition, the real benefits of this choice have still to be proven. Adjustments for protein digestibility and quality have recently been introduced. The removal from the whey protein fraction of the glycomacropeptide (GMP), with a consequent reduction of excessive threonine intakes, is a novel approach and a further step in the development of infant formulas closer to the model of human milk
LE ALLERGIE ALIMENTARI NELLA PRIMA INFANZIA - 1 CONCETTI GENERALI, EZIOPATOGENESI E PRINCIPALI QUADRI CLINICI Food allergies in early childhood. 1. General concepts, etiopathogenesis, and main clinical features
No full textAbnormal immune reactions to food antigens are a rather common event during infancy. Adverse reactions to milk proteins occur in 2.5% of suckling infants. Both IgE and non IgE-mediated allergic mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of food allergy. IgE mediated allergic responses are the most dramatic and the most often diagnosed types. Non IgE mediated food allergy is usually more difficult to diagnose and its clinical course is more chronic. Food induced allergic reactions mediate a variety of symptoms, involving the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract and the skin. A limited number of foods are responsible for the vast majority of allergic reactions: cow milk proteins, egg, fish and peanuts are the main causes. The vast majority of infants with formula-protein intolerance will outgrow their symptoms by the third year of age. Eliminating the food allergens is the only means of dealing with the problem. In part I of this series, immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical disorders are described
Feeding intolerance in the preterm infant
No full textFeeding intolerance (FI), defined as the inability to digest enteral feedings associated to increased gastric residuals, abdominal distension and/or emesis, is frequently encountered in the very preterm infant and often leads to a disruption of the feeding plan. In most cases FI represents a benign condition related to the immaturity of gastrointestinal function, however its presentation may largely overlap with that of an impending necrotizing enterocolitis. As a consequence, individual interpretation of signs of FI represents one of the most uncontrollable variables in the early nutritional management of these infants, and may lead to suboptimal nutrition, delayed attainment of full enteral feeding and prolonged intravenous nutrition supply. Strategies aimed at preventing and/or treating FI are diverse, although very few have been validated in large RCT and systematic reviews. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing information on this topic, spanning from patho-physiological and clinical aspects to the prevention and treatment strategies tested in clinical studies, with specific attention to practical issues
SQUILIBRI NUTRIZIONALI: VECCHIO E NUOVO
No full textLa dieta, intesa come l'insieme degli apporti alimentari adeguati ai fabbisogni nutrizionali di un individuo, rappresenta un elemento fondamentale per mantenere l'equilibrio biochimico dell'individuo e del suo stato di salute.
L'articolo analizza il fenomeno della malnutrizione a livello mondiale ed il problema dell'obesità nei Paesi Sviluppati. Particolare attenzione viene focalizzata sull'utilizzo diffuso e più o meno inappropriato degli integratori alimentari
Prevalence of celiac disease serological markers in a cohort of Italian rheumatological patients
No full textAim: To assess the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) serological markers in a cohort of patients referred to an Italian rheumatological outpatient clinic. Background: Current guidelines do not suggest CD screening in patients with rheumatological diseases and these subjects are not considered to be at high risk for CD. Methods: A total of 230 sera of rheumatological patients referred to the Division of Internal Medicine at the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences between January 2005 and December 2013 were screened for CD by testing IgA antitransglutaminase (TTG IgA), IgG deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP IgG) and IgA antiendomysium (EMA) antibodies. Of the 230 patients tested, 67 had a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 52 Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), 42 systemic sclerosis (SCL), 35 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 15 mixed connective tissue disease, 11 polymyositis and 10 dermatomyositis. Results: TTG IgA antibodies were identified in 7/230 cases (3%), 3 in SjS (3/42 - 5.8%), 2 in SCL (2/42 - 4.8%), 1 in RA (1/67 - 1.5%) and 1 in SLE sera (1/35 - 2.8%). All the seven sera were also positive for DGP IgG and EMA IgA. DGP IgG were the most frequent antibody detected, being found in 16 (7%) sera. Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of CD antibodies in adult patients referred to a rheumatology outpatient clinic. These results highlight the importance of CD screening in subjects presenting with rheumatological features
A newborn with isolated congenital genu recurvatum
No full textWe describe a case of a newborn with congenital genu recurvatum. The newborn had no other malformations. Early treatment with physiotherapy solved the problem
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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