1,720,952 research outputs found
The ICML 2023 Ranking Experiment: Examining Author Self-Assessment in ML/AI Peer Review
Get PDFWe conducted an experiment during the review process of the 2023 International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), asking authors with multiple submissions to rank their papers based on perceived quality. In total, we received 1,342 rankings, each from a different author, covering 2,592 submissions. In this paper, we present an empirical analysis of how author-provided rankings could be leveraged to improve peer review processes at machine learning conferences. We focus on the Isotonic Mechanism, which calibrates raw review scores using the author-provided rankings. Our analysis shows that these ranking-calibrated scores out-perform the raw review scores in estimating the ground truth “expected review scores” in terms of both squared and absolute error metrics. Furthermore, we propose several cautious, low-risk applications of the Isotonic Mechanism and author-provided rankings in peer review, including supporting senior area chairs in overseeing area chairs’ recommendations, assisting in the selection of paper awards, and guiding the recruitment of emergency reviewers
Simulation-to-real generalization for deep-learning-based refraction-corrected ultrasound tomography image reconstruction
No full textObjective. The image reconstruction of ultrasound computed tomography is computationally expensive with conventional iterative methods. The fully learned direct deep learning reconstruction is promising to speed up image reconstruction significantly. However, for direct reconstruction from measurement data, due to the lack of real labeled data, the neural network is usually trained on a simulation dataset and shows poor performance on real data because of the simulation-to-real gap.Approach. To improve the simulation-to-real generalization of neural networks, a series of strategies are developed including a Fourier-transform-integrated neural network, measurement-domain data augmentation methods, and a self-supervised-learning-based patch-wise preprocessing neural network. Our strategies are evaluated on both the simulation dataset and real measurement datasets from two different prototype machines.Main results. The experimental results show that our deep learning methods help to improve the neural networks' robustness against noise and the generalizability to real measurement data.Significance. Our methods prove that it is possible for neural networks to achieve superior performance to traditional iterative reconstruction algorithms in imaging quality and allow for real-time 2D-image reconstruction. This study helps pave the path for the application of deep learning methods to practical ultrasound tomography image reconstruction based on simulation datasets.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.ImPhys/Medical ImagingImPhys/Van Dongen gou
The Isotonic Mechanism for Exponential Family Estimation
Get PDFIn 2023, the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) required
authors with multiple submissions to rank their submissions based on perceived
quality. In this paper, we aim to employ these author-specified rankings to
enhance peer review in machine learning and artificial intelligence conferences
by extending the Isotonic Mechanism to exponential family distributions. This
mechanism generates adjusted scores that closely align with the original scores
while adhering to author-specified rankings. Despite its applicability to a
broad spectrum of exponential family distributions, implementing this mechanism
does not require knowledge of the specific distribution form. We demonstrate
that an author is incentivized to provide accurate rankings when her utility
takes the form of a convex additive function of the adjusted review scores. For
a certain subclass of exponential family distributions, we prove that the
author reports truthfully only if the question involves only pairwise
comparisons between her submissions, thus indicating the optimality of ranking
in truthful information elicitation. Moreover, we show that the adjusted scores
improve dramatically the estimation accuracy compared to the original scores
and achieve nearly minimax optimality when the ground-truth scores have bounded
total variation. We conclude the paper by presenting experiments conducted on
the ICML 2023 ranking data, which show significant estimation gain using the
Isotonic Mechanism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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