897 research outputs found
Selective-fluid-filling technique of microstructured optical fibers
No full textA versatile technique is demonstrated to fill selectively a fluid into desired air holes in a MOF. A fan-shaped groove is carved on the fiber surface to expose selected air holes to atmosphere by a micromachining system consisting of a femtosecond infrared laser and a microscope. Then a fluid is filled into the exposed air holes through the carved groove with the well-known capillarity action. Such a technique can be used to fill selectively several different types of fluid samples into desired air holes in a MOF by means of carving fan-shaped grooves on different orientations of the fiber surface
sj-docx-1-tej-10.1177_20417314241231452 – Supplemental material for Regulation of the immune microenvironment by pioglitazone-loaded polylactic glycolic acid nanosphere composite scaffolds to promote vascularization and bone regeneration
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tej-10.1177_20417314241231452 for Regulation of the immune microenvironment by pioglitazone-loaded polylactic glycolic acid nanosphere composite scaffolds to promote vascularization and bone regeneration by Shijie Fan, Yadong Tan, Xiuchen Yuan, Chun Liu, Xiaoyu Wu, Ting Dai, Su Ni, Jiafeng Wang, Yiping Weng and Hongbin Zhao in Journal of Tissue Engineering</p
sj-docx-1-tau-10.1177_17562872231213720 – Supplemental material for Association of obesity and different metabolic status with prognosis in patients with bladder cancer: a retrospective cohort study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tau-10.1177_17562872231213720 for Association of obesity and different metabolic status with prognosis in patients with bladder cancer: a retrospective cohort study by Yingchun Dong, Yiping Cheng, Honglin Guo, Jiaxing Sun, Junming Han, Fang Zhong, Qihang Li, Dawei Wang, Wenbin Chen, Xiude Fan and Jiajun Zhao in Therapeutic Advances in Urology</p
Airfoil Design and Flow Analysis of a Multi-Blade Centrifugal Fan: An Experimental and Simulation Study
No full textTo overcome the technical challenges of the multi-blade centrifugal fan, such as low efficiency and insufficient total pressure, the blades of the fan were optimally designed in this study. The flow field of the multi-blade centrifugal fan with a single-arc blade and an airfoil blade was simulated and compared using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDs). Under steady-state conditions, the total pressure, velocity field distribution, and aerodynamic performance of a multi-blade centrifugal fan were analyzed. The numerical results showed that there were vortices, secondary flows, and boundary layer separation phenomena in the flow passage of the single-arc multi-blade centrifugal fan. Based on the lift-to-drag ratio theory of airfoil in aerodynamics, four different airfoil blades were designed for the multi-blade centrifugal fan. The study found that the lift-to-drag ratio of the airfoil blades was positively correlated with the fan efficiency; among them, the A-type airfoil exhibited the highest lift-to-drag ratio within the 0–10 degree angle of attack range. The three-dimensional simulation results indicated that, except for the initial operating point B, the A-type airfoil showed higher fan efficiency under other operating conditions, and its total pressure curve was the most stable. In addition, the use of airfoil blades effectively suppressed the aforementioned adverse flow phenomena and improved the flow within the blade passage. Experimental verification further confirmed the effect of airfoil blades on improving fan performance: compared to single-arc blades, the efficiency of the multi-blade centrifugal fan increased by 3–7% after using airfoil blades, and the upper limit of high-efficiency flow increased from 450 m3/h to 650 m3/h. Meanwhile, the total pressure and power of the airfoil fan were also significantly improved. The results of this work are significant for guiding the optimal design of the fan
CFD simulation of gas-solid two-phase flow and mixing in a FCC riser with feedstock injection
No full textThe feedstock injection zone is a key section for Fluid Catalytic Cracking riser reactor. A 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation is performed by coupling the two-fluid model and the energy-minimization multi-scale (EMMS) drag. The prediction agrees well with the available data and the secondary flow phenomenon is captured. The simulation reveals that the M-shape distributed feed sprays interact with the W-shape distributed solid particles and then cause the undesirable W-shape distribution of the matching ratio of catalysts to feed. The transformation of such uneven distribution to the finally core-annular distribution heavily depends on the secondary flow, whereas its mechanism can be explained by using the Kutta-joukowski lift theorem. The increase of the feed spray velocity facilitates the feed diffusion and reduces the transition region. However, excessively high jet velocity may intensify the back-mixing near the wall and causes intense attrition or breakage of catalysts and thereby an increase of costs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Knowing the Self: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Self Related Processing
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Effects of an integrated mobile health lifestyle intervention among overweight and obese women planning for pregnancy in Singapore: protocol for the single-arm healthy early life moments in Singapore (HELMS) study
No full textIntroduction Changes in social and lifestyle factors have led to increasing rates of metabolic and mental health problems. We hypothesise that a transformation of the current maternal and child health system is required to deliver interventions that effectively promote a good start to life in populations at risk of metabolic and mental health problems. We describe a single-arm implementation study ‘Healthy Early Life Moments in Singapore’, which aims to examine whether an integrated lifestyle intervention initiated at preconception and continuing throughout pregnancy and postpartum periods can improve the metabolic and mental health of overweight and obese women, and improve early child growth.Methods and analysis This single-centre implementation trial is conducted at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore. The trial aims to recruit 500 women, aged 21–40 years with a body mass index of 25–40 kg/m2 who plan to get pregnant, with interventions delivered before conception, until 18 months postdelivery. Primary outcomes comprise pregnancy rate, maternal metabolic and mental health status. Secondary outcomes include maternal reproductive health, pregnancy outcomes and offspring growth. The intervention will be delivered using a mobile health application, to provide anticipatory guidance, raise awareness and guide goal-setting on lifestyle behaviours that include diet, physical activity, mental wellness and sleep hygiene from preconception to postpartum. Women who conceive within 1 year of recruitment will be followed through pregnancy and studied with their infants at six-time points during the first 18 months of life. Questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and multiple biosamples will be collected at each visit.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Centralised Institutional Review Board of SingHealth (2021/2247). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to national and international policy makers.Trial registration number NCT05207059
Effects of clouds on aerosol and chemical species processing, production, and distribution in the boundary layer and upper troposphere
No full textSeptember 1998.Also issued as Yiping Zhang's dissertation (Ph.D.) -- Colorado State University, 1998.Clouds play important roles in boundary layer and tropospheric aerosol and chemical processes. This work addresses the aerosol and chemical species processing, production, and distribution through two important types of clouds: convective and stratocumulus clouds. A modeling study of the effects of convection on the transformation and redistribution of chemical species and evolution and redistribution of aerosol particles in the troposphere is presented. A two-mode, two-moment aerosol evolution model is coupled with a two dimensional, mixed-phase, two-moment microphysics, Eulerian cloud model and a sulfate cloud chemistry model [Kreidenweis et al., 1997; Taylor et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 1998] to examine the new particle formation mechanism and the importance of different pathways for aqueous sulfate production. In the simulations, the complexation of CH20 with S(IV) is found to be of minor importance in most of the model cloud, compared with the oxidation of S(IV) by H202 and 03, while Fe (III)-catalyzed oxidation plays an important role in aqueous sulfate production. Significant S02 is convectively transported to the mid-to upper troposphere, where it is oxidized to gas-phase H2S04. After cloud processing, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) particles are removed by precipitation and graupel to form a CCN-depleted region above cloud top and in the cold and humidified cloud outflow region. The new particle formation in the mid- to upper- troposphere interacts with cloud processing and transport of chemical species and aerosol particles and produces a peak of small particle concentration in the outflow region. The model results suggest that both small aerosols and aerosol precursors can be transported into the mid- to upper- troposphere by convective clouds, affecting vertical profiles of aerosol concentrations. The sensitivity of the S(VI) and aerosol production, S02 and aerosol redistribution to variations in the initial chemical and aerosol conditions and several model parameters are also examined. A trajectory ensemble model (TEM) is used to investigate stratocumulus processing of gases and C CN in the boundary layer. The fully coupled aqueous chemistry/ cloud microphysics model (Feingold et al., 1998; Zhang et al., 1998] is driven by a set of boundary layer parcel trajectories derived from a large eddy simulation model to study the effects of variations in the initial chemical fields and initial aerosol number concentration on chemical heterogeneity, broadening of the CCN and drop spectra, effective drop radius, and differences in the overall fractional conversion between the TEM and a single parcel experiencing mean conditions in a stratocumulus-capped marine boundary layer. It is found that the TEM offers a more representative method of describing the stratocumulus processing of aerosol and gases than does a single parcel model. In the base case simulation, the 03 oxidation rate averaged over all parcels is larger than the H202 oxidation rate, whereas the volume-mean cloudwater pH might suggest that H202 oxidation dominates. The liquid water-weighted pH generally increases with increasing drop size, to a peak pH. The drop size at this peak corresponds to the minimum in S(VI) concentration and is located near the mode of the drop mass distribution. However, the pH dependence on drop size at larger cloud drop sizes is affected by the initial chemical conditions. Aqueous chemistry contributes to the broadening of the drop size distribution, but the magnitude of the broadening depends on the initial aerosol and chemical conditions. In cases where more mass is added onto large particles in the tail of the initial CCN spectrum, the broadening of the drop spectrum is most evident, and may even trigger the collision coalescence process and drizzle formation in stratocumulus clouds. The change in initial CCN number concentration has the most prominent effect on the effective drop radius.Sponsored by NSF under grant ATM 9305684; DOE-ARM under grant DE-FG03-95ER61958; and DOC-NOAA under grant NA67RJ0152
CFD optimization of feedstock injection angle in a FCC riser
No full textFeedstock injection zone is a key section for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactor. In conventional design of commercial FCC risers, the injection angle of the feedstock is 30 degrees upward with the riser axis, which is found to easily cause nonuniform oil-catalyst contact and severe back-mixing in the feedstock injection zone. In this work, the effect of feedstock injection angle is investigated by performing 3-D simulations with seven injection configurations including three inclined upward, one horizontally and three inclined downward. The two-fluid model (TFM) and the energy-minimization multi-scale (EMMS) drag is combined in simulations. Comparison with experimental data is conducted in terms of the profiles of solids and feed volume fractions. Several variables including the backflow ratio, the radial nonuniformity index and the mean residence time of feed, are further introduced to quantify the hydrodynamic dependence of flow and mixing on the injection settings. It is found that the downward injection schemes are better to realize uniform mixing and matching between catalysts and feed than the upward injection schemes. A 30 degrees downward injection angle is desired to improve the distributions of catalysts and feed, reduce the catalyst-feed contacting time and eliminate the effect of secondary flow on severe back-mixing near the riser wall. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
China's Great Ascendancy and structural risks: consequences of asymmetric market liberalisation
No full textChina's great ascendancy from a poor agrarian economy to an economic superpower is unprecedented. But in the process, structural imbalances, resource inefficiency, and income inequality worsened rapidly. It is argued that the coexistence of China's extraordinary growth and serious structural risks are two sides of the same coin: asymmetric liberalisation of product and factor markets. Distortions in markets for labour, capital, land, energy, and the environment lower production costs, increase corporate profits, raise investment returns, improve the international competitiveness of Chinese goods, and therefore lift China's growth. But they also depress consumption. China needs to accelerate factor market liberalisation in order to complete the transition to a market economy and to lock the economy onto a more sustainable path. Copyright © 2010 The Author. Journal compilation © 2010 Crawford School of Economics and Government, The Australian National University and Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd..
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