1,721,426 research outputs found
Internationalisation of the Spanish fashion brand Zara
No full textPurposeResearch on the internationalisation of retailing has been mainly focused on market entry issues. This paper attempts to examine the internationalisation process from an international marketing perspective using Spanish fashion retailer Zara as a case study.Design/methodology/approachAn in‐depth case approach was adopted based on extensive secondary research, which includes literature published in English and Spanish as well as internal company documents.FindingsThe internationalisation of Zara seems to follow the classic “stage model” by firstly entering geographically or culturally close markets before taking opportunities in more distant markets. This global expansion was triggered by both push and pull factors. Compared with the competition, Zara has three distinctions: vertical integration to achieve a faster turnaround time; use of franchise and joint ventures for rapid expansion; and use of the store as the main tool for promotion, with low spend on advertising.Research limitations/implicationsThe main drawback in case studies is that of limited validity and representativeness, constraining the potential for making generalisations. However, this case is deemed sufficient to provide valuable insights and improve understanding in this area.Originality/valueLittle attention has been devoted to the internationalisation process from an international marketing perspective. Aiming to fill this gap in the literature, this study provides important insights into Zara's internationalisation process
Soft power: Power of attraction or confusion?
Full text linkDespite its popularity soft power remains power of confusion. The paper examines the concept, with a special focus on the nature and sources of soft power. Nye’s notion of soft power is largely ethnocentric and based on the assumption that there is a link between attractiveness and the ability to influence others in international relations. This poses two problems: Firstly, a country has many different actors. Some of them like the attraction and others don’t. Whether the attraction will lead to the ability to influence the policy of the target country depends on which groups in that country find it attractive and how much control they have on policymaking. Secondly, policymaking at the state level is far more complicated than at the personal level; and has different dynamics that emphasise the rational considerations. This leaves little room for emotional elements thus significantly reducing the effect of soft power. Given the nature of soft power being uncontrollable and unpredictable, it would be impossible to wield soft power in any organised and coordinated fashion as Nye suggested. Furthermore, the relationship between two countries is shaped by many complex factors. It is ultimately decided by the geopolitics and strategic interests of nations, in which soft power may play only a limited role. The paper also discusses the link between soft power and nation branding as both concepts are concerned with a nation’s influence on the world stage. Public diplomacy is a subset of nation branding that focuses on the political brand of a nation; whereas nation branding is about how a nation as whole to reshape the international opinions. A successful nation branding campaign will help create a more favourable and lasting image among the international audience thus further enhancing a country’s soft power
Xuan fu ke li zhi jie dian fan ying
No full textYam Chi Tong = 懸浮顆粒之介電反應 / 任智堂.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-79).Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese.Yam Chi Tong = xuan fu ke li zhi jie dian fan ying / Ren Zhitang.Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 2 --- Spectral Representation of a Pair of Polydisperse Cylinders --- p.3Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.3Chapter 2.2 --- Multiple Image Method --- p.4Chapter 2.2.1 --- Polydispersity in Size --- p.6Chapter 2.2.2 --- Polydispersity in Permittivity --- p.7Chapter 2.3 --- Spectral Representation --- p.9Chapter 2.3.1 --- Polydisperse Size Cylinders --- p.10Chapter 2.3.2 --- Polydisperse Permittivity Cylinders --- p.12Chapter 2.4 --- Numerical Results --- p.13Chapter 2.4.1 --- Polydispersity in Size --- p.14Chapter 2.4.2 --- Polydispersity in Permittivity --- p.17Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.22Chapter 3 --- Dielectric Behaviors of Polydisperse Colloidal Suspensions --- p.24Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.24Chapter 3.2 --- Dielectric Dispersion Spectral Representation --- p.26Chapter 3.3 --- Polydisperse Colloidal Suspensions --- p.28Chapter 3.4 --- Numerical Results --- p.30Chapter 3.4.1 --- Monodisperse Limit --- p.31Chapter 3.4.2 --- Influence of the Medium Conductivities --- p.32Chapter 3.4.3 --- Effect of Conductivity Contrasts --- p.34Chapter 3.4.4 --- Effect of Varying the Volume Fractions --- p.37Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.41Chapter 4 --- Dielectric Behaviors of Shelled Cell Suspensions --- p.43Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.43Chapter 4.2 --- Shelled Spherical Particle Model --- p.46Chapter 4.2.1 --- Intrinsic Dispersions --- p.47Chapter 4.3 --- Numerical Results --- p.49Chapter 4.3.1 --- One Type of Shelled Cells --- p.51Chapter 4.3.2 --- Mixture of Two Types of Shelled Cells --- p.60Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.62Chapter 5 --- Dielectric Behaviors of Compositionally Graded Films --- p.64Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.64Chapter 5.2 --- Discrete Layer Model --- p.65Chapter 5.2.1 --- Linear Profiles --- p.67Chapter 5.2.2 --- Gaussian Profiles --- p.67Chapter 5.3 --- Continuously Graded Model --- p.68Chapter 5.3.1 --- Linear Profiles --- p.68Chapter 5.3.2 --- Gaussian Profiles --- p.69Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.72Chapter 6 --- Summary --- p.74Bibliography --- p.76Chapter A --- The Maxwell-Garnett Approximation --- p.80Chapter B --- The Bergman-Milton Spectral Representation --- p.8
FIGURE 4 in Anoplocaryum: A newly recorded genus of Boraginaceae from China
No full textFIGURE 4. Isotype of Anoplocaryum helenae Volot. (K.A. Volotovsky s.n., NSK0000079, available at http://herb.csbg.nsc.ru:8081/#fuzzylabel)Published as part of Hao, Jia-Chen, Fan, Ying-Xin, Zhu, Deng-Xiang & Lin, Qin-Wen, 2022, Anoplocaryum: A newly recorded genus of Boraginaceae from China, pp. 205-212 in Phytotaxa 530 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/583274
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
FIGURE 2. Anoplocaryum helenae Volot. A in Anoplocaryum: A newly recorded genus of Boraginaceae from China
No full textFIGURE 2. Anoplocaryum helenae Volot. A. habit; B. basal leaves; C. flowering branch; D. details of branch.Published as part of Hao, Jia-Chen, Fan, Ying-Xin, Zhu, Deng-Xiang & Lin, Qin-Wen, 2022, Anoplocaryum: A newly recorded genus of Boraginaceae from China, pp. 205-212 in Phytotaxa 530 (2) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/583274
Li yong biao mian deng li zi ti gong zhen xian wei jing zai fu li ye kong jian zhi jie fan juan ji dan ge dian jie zhi na mi li zi de dian ci fan ying
No full textChan, Chak Fai = 利用表面等離子體共振顯微鏡在傅立葉空間直接反卷積單個電介質納米粒子的電磁反應 / 陳澤輝.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-89).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 31, October, 2016).Chan, Chak Fai = Li yong biao mian deng li zi ti gong zhen xian wei jing zai fu li ye kong jian zhi jie fan juan ji dan ge dian jie zhi na mi li zi de dian ci fan ying / Chen Zehui
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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