1,720,998 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Cationic, α-helical polypeptides for cell penetration and non-viral gene delivery
Get PDFGene therapy is showing great potentials in treating various kinds of genetic diseases. The development of effective and safe delivery vectors are quite crucial towards gene therapy. Compared with viral vectors, non-viral gene delivery vectors allow the safe delivery of genetic materials with less inherent adverse reactions such as immunogenicity, unexpected viral replication and recombination, and oncogenicity. However, the non-viral vectors usually suffer from the low transfection efficiency due to various challenges and obstacles involved in the non-viral gene delivery process. The goal of my Ph. D. research is to develop the polypeptide-based non-viral gene delivery vectors to achieve excellent cell membrane penetration and gene delivery. Firstly, I modified the complexes from the development of the supramolecular structures via incorporating a sugar containing polypeptide to form the ternary complexes. The ternary complexes contain the membrane target polypeptide, which could facilitate the active targeting to the cells via the mannose-receptor mediated targeting, and the membrane active polypeptide, which could penetrate the cell membrane and allow the efficient gene delivery. Then, I use the chemical modification method to modify the polypeptides with the hydrophobic domain. A library of copolypeptides with different side chains modified by aromatic groups and aliphatic groups are synthesized and screened for cell penetration and gene delivery. This chemical modification strategy significantly enhances the penetration ability of the copolypeptides and allows the efficient penetration via multi-mechanisms: endocytosis, pore formation and the direct membrane translocation without generating pores. The screened copolypeptides could successfully deliver genes into cells demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Even though numbers of polypeptides have been successfully demonstrated as the excellent DNA delivery candidates, there still exist various barriers and obstacles in delivering siRNA. One of the limitations is the individual siRNA condensation by the helical polypeptides. To overcome the dearth of polypeptide mediated siRNA delivery, I develop the reversely crosslinked thiolated polypeptide to facilitate the siRNA condensation and significantly improve the stability of siRNA. This strategy allows the tight condensing and protection of the siRNA in the extracellular environment and the release of the siRNA in the intracellular environment. My Ph.D. research aims on the design of the cationic polypeptides as the novel non-viral gene delivery vectors and helps establish the design criteria of the cationic polymers by overcoming various gene delivery barriers.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2017-08-01The student, Nan Zheng, accepted the attached license on 2015-07-15 at 10:02.The student, Nan Zheng, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-07-15 at 10:14.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-07-15 at 15:20.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8475 on 2016-09-09 at 16:06:54Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-09T21:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2015-07-15Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93979
Lift date: 2018-09-09T21:14:46Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 93979 on 2018-09-09T09:15:11Z
Engineered biomaterials as extracellular microenvironments for guiding cell programming and reprogramming
Get PDFThe interface between cells and materials is a dynamic and complex environment where cells in contact with materials can sense their properties such as stiffness, matrix protein, and geometry and respond to these cues in multiple ways including through mechanical forces exerted on the matrix by the cells. Cells incorporate these cues via signal propagation through integrins, and translate this information through intracellular signal transduction cascades to regulate gene expression and cell fate decisions. Advances in biomaterials to direct stem cell lineage decisions have focused on designing biomimetic materials that realize the ‘‘in vivo” microenvironments’ ability to interact with cells. However, not only is designing tailored biomaterials that present multiple signals challenging, but the precise roles of physical and biochemical cues in coordinating cellular processes such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation remains difficult to dissect.
After a short introduction we explore using model polyacrylamide hydrogel systems in Chapter 2-5 to study the effects of biophysical (elasticity and geometry) and chemical (matrix protein) cues on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate decisions, showing these cues can play a large role in differentiation. In Chapter 6 we explore how switching the biophysical microenvironment (matrix stiffness and cell shape) can be used to understand the plasticity of MSC lineage specification. Finally, in Chapter 7-9, we demonstrate how geometric cues at the interface of tissue, where interfacial energy and curvature can be modulated in vitro, will dictate cancer cell tumorigenicity, metastatic potential, and the regulation of tumorangiogenesis. Moreover, we reveal a mechanism where perimeter features initiate α5β1 adhesion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathways, and regulation of distinct histone marks, to guide gene expression underlying the phenotypic alterations of malignant melanoma.
Overall, we believe the work presented here demonstrates the importance and utility of extracellular properties in modulating cell programming and reprogramming, and should aid in the development of biomaterials for more efficiently directing distinct cellular states for the development of synthetic model systems that more accurately recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2019-05-01The student, Junmin Lee, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-21 at 11:46.The student, Junmin Lee, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-04-21 at 11:58.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-04-21 at 13:50.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10975 on 2017-08-10 at 14:32:27Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T19:52:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Understanding the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in canine osteosarcoma metastasis
Get PDFThe student, Matthew Dowling, accepted the attached license on 2018-06-20 at 22:06.The student, Matthew Dowling, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-06-20 at 22:14.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-06-22 at 14:38.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12656 on 2018-09-27 at 11:16:08Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T16:30:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-06-22Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107754
Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:30:34Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107754
Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:31:43Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107754
Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:34:29Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemInterleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine whose primary function is to regulate neutrophil chemotaxis and modulate the inflammatory response in normal physiologic conditions. Additionally, IL-8 appears to play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo in human solid tumors. There is growing evidence to suggest that IL-8 can serve as a biomarker for patients with cancer, with high IL-8 levels often correlated with advanced stage disease, metastasis, and poorer overall outcome. Though IL-8 appears to be intimately associated with cancer progression and metastasis in human, the role of IL-8 in veterinary oncology is largely unexplored.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common, naturally-occurring, highly metastatic cancer in dogs that serves as an excellent model for the disease in people. Recent comparative genomics indicate that IL-8 expression is conserved in both human and canine OS and is a negative prognostic indicator in people with this cancer. Therefore, understanding how IL-8 impacts disease progression, specifically in regards to the development of metastasis, could help us more effectively manage OS in both dogs and people.
In this study, we hypothesized 1) that canine OS cells will express IL-8 and its cognate receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, 2) that inhibition of IL-8 signaling will attenuate proliferation and migration, 3) that inhibition of IL-8 signaling will enhance sensitivity to cytotoxic agents, and 4) that IL-8 signaling will influence the expression of genes involved necessary for angiogenesis.
We investigated CXCR1 and CXCR2 gene transcription with qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and we investigated protein expression for IL-8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 with Western blotting. We evaluated OS cell production of IL-8 with an ELISA. We employed a competitive CXCR1/CXCR2 antagonist (Reparixin), as well as an IL-8 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), to mitigate IL-8 signaling in cell lines. Fluorescent cellular metabolic assays were used to determine the effects of manipulation of the IL-8 signaling axis on cellular proliferation and on chemosensitization to a platinum chemotherapeutic (carboplatin). Scratch assays were used to assess cellular migration following exposure to one of the IL-8 inhibitory agents. Quantitative PCR was again used to evaluate the gene transcription of VEGF in OS cell lines and a canine endothelial cell line following manipulation of the IL-8 signaling axis.
Gene transcription of the IL-8 receptors was noted in six OS cell lines. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate protein expression of IL-8 in all cell lines. IL-8 was produced in a cell density-dependent manner in all cell lines examined. We showed that the addition of exogenous IL-8 led to a dose-dependent increase in proliferation in an OS cell line that was a low producer of IL-8. IL-8 receptor blockade appeared to have no impact on proliferation at the doses examined. IL-8 receptor blockade also did not enhance sensitivity to carboplatin in vitro. However, receptor blockade did appear to inhibit migration in a dose-dependent manner in the low-producer of IL-8. IL-8 neutralization with a mAb had not effect on proliferation, migration, or chemosensitization. We were also able to show that addition of IL-8 increased VEGF gene transcription.
These findings suggest that autocrine/paracrine IL-8 signaling may be more important in promoting a more metastatic cellular phenotype in those OS cells that are low-producers of this chemokine. Additionally, our results suggest that IL-8 likely plays a role in cultivating a pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-08-01U of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 107754 on 2020-09-28T09:15:07Z
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