40 research outputs found
The Justice of Balance: Understanding Intellectual Property from Chinese Historical and Philosophical Perspectives
No full textPhDIn today's world, intellectual property is widely viewed as a threat to the public interest in
using knowledge. As many scholars have argued, a theoretical reason accounting for this
phenomenon is that traditional understanding of intellectual property emphasizes strong
property rights rather than the public interest. As historical studies have shown, this
understanding is fundamentally influenced by the practice of printing monopoly of
sixteenth-seventeenth century England, which gave overwhelming attention to
appropriation.
This thesis tries to join the above debates by examining the intellectual property history
of pre-modern China. Based on the historical inquiry, it further makes several theoretical
suggestions to the ongoing development of intellectual property theories.
This thesis argues that intellectual property practice as a tool of stimulating creativity
emerged in China when the commercialization of knowledge products made the
intellectual property protection a must. A more important finding is that, in a relatively
non-monopolistic atmosphere, tremendous efforts were made to effectively disseminate
knowledge to enhance the public interest; there existed no obvious conflict between
stimulating knowledge creativity and promoting knowledge use.
This thesis then suggests that knowledge creativity and knowledge use are inherently
inter-nutritional and inter-conflicting. To promote their reciprocity, it is crucial to keep
balance between maximizing knowledge use and stimulating robust knowledge creativity.
This thesis further proposes a system containing `the right of accessing knowledge' and
`the right of deserving reward', in which intellectual property is only a mean to the end
and coexists with various alternative models.
This thesis provides a firm theoretical support to the public interest but does not
necessarily devalue the importance of knowledge creativity and intellectual property. In
many fields, well-designed intellectual property laws must continue to prevail
Investigation of the Effect of DMMP Addition on the Methane–Air Premixed Flame Thickness
No full textEffect Of Drilling Allowance On Tbc Delamination, Spatter And Re-Melted Cracks Characteristics In Laser Drilling Of Tbc Coated Superalloys
No full textLaser drilling of inclined holes on Ni-based superalloys coated with thermal barrier coatings (TBC) was studied using numerical simulation and experiments. Two types of drilling, three steps-laser drilling (TSLD) method and the one step laser drilling (OSLD), were employed for making comparison. The simulation results demonstrate that relatively strong vortex effect of assist gas at hole entrance and the drilling allowance of the substrate hole can deflect the trajectories of melt flow from leading edge TBC wall. This phenomenon may isolate leading edge of the hole from the ejecting molten material. Thus, shearing stress effect was prevented. The characteristics of TBC delamination, spatter at the TBC leading edge and re-melted cracks along the TBC trailing edge are investigated by comparing the characteristics of the melt flow obtained via simulation and experiment. The combined results suggest that the TBC/substrate multilayer can avoid these defects applying the TSLD technology
Enhanced Molten Salt Resistance by Sidewall Pores Repair during Fs Laser Drilling of a Thermal Barrier-Coated Superalloy
No full textIn this study, a novel laser-modified drilling method was used to manufacture cooling holes through thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Due to the “cooling processing” properties during low-frequency femtosecond (LF-fs) laser drilling, the exposure of the sidewall pores, and the interlayer clearance, the inherent characteristics of plasma-sprayed coatings induced sidewall defects in the drilled holes. After drilling, a high-frequency fs (HF-fs) laser was used to repair the sidewall pores and interlayer clearance of the drilled ceramic holes. Then, the pores and microcracks were healed by local melting using the laser. Moreover, instead of obtaining laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), refined and homogeneous grains were produced by the HF-fs laser repair treatment at high transient pressure and temperature. The results from a high-temperature corrosion test showed that healing of the open pores and microstructural improvement in the ceramic hole walls prevented the out-diffusion of Y2O3 stabilizers and the penetration of molten salt, resulting in less corrosive products and producing corresponding phase-transformation stress. Thus, reducing the stabilizer consumption can moderate corrosion fatigue and prolong the lifetime of a cooling hole and TBCs under service
Enhanced Cyclic Oxidation Resistance Through The Self-Healing Of Segmented Cracks Using Nano-Al2O3/Ni-20 Wt%Al Particles In Laser Re-Melted Thermal Barrier Coatings
No full textThis paper introduces a novel and effective self-healing method of segmented cracks in laser re-melted ZrO2-7 wt% Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The method uses pressure sintering of nano-Al2O3/Ni-20 wt%Al particles at 1150 °C for 12 h. After treatment to facilitate self-healing, a very dense and metallurgically bonded nano-Al2O3 reinforced Ni-matrix sealed film formed in the segmented gaps. Cyclic oxidation results indicate that dense sealed films can effectively suppress the growth of thermally grown oxides (TGO) and prevent the formation of other brittle and fragile oxides (i.e., spinels) at the top coat/bond coat (TC/BC) interface. Using the pressure-sintering effect, any aluminums contained in the sealed particles or films becomes prone to diffusion into the TC/BC interface to facilitate the formation of a thin-continuous TGO during the initial oxidation. This results in a significantly enhanced anti-oxidation effect of laser re-melted TBCs
The Role Of The Surface Morphology And Segmented Cracks On The Damage Forms Of Laser Re-Melted Thermal Barrier Coatings In Presence Of A Molten Salt (Na2So4 + V2O5)
No full textHot corrosion behaviour of yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with various segmented cracks and surface morphologies, obtained using ultrasonic-assisted laser re-melting, was investigated during exposure to Na2SO4 + V2O5salt at 1100 °C. It is demonstrated, that the damage types of TBCs were significantly affected by segmented cracks and surface morphology. Four main damage mechanisms: (i) chemical reaction, (ii) Coefficient thermal mismatch stress, (iii) oxidation of bond coating and (iv) intergranular corrosion, based on the observed transport behaviour of oxygen and molten salt, stress-tolerance and self-healing of various segmented cracks, were discussed to account for the failure behaviour
Foundation of the Reaction Mechanism of Deep Penetration and Low-Damage Acidizing Fluid
Get PDFWith the development of oil and gas resources to inefficient and multiple rounds measure reservoir development, with deep penetration characteristics of low-damage acid system acidification and acid fracturing technology more and more research is very important. "Deep penetration and low-damage Acidizing fluid" system has some advantage which a slower etch rate, etch depth, no secondary damage, reservoir reconstruction obvious effect, acid-rock reaction kinetics parameters such testing and etching acid system mechanism is the basis of the depth of acidification and acid fracturing work. With deep penetration and low-damage Acidizing fluid system formulation, through new experimental device for etching experiments carried reservoir core, on the basis of Hekim distributed parameter model is proposed the reaction mechanism of deep penetration and low-damage acidizing fluid in the reservoir. The key consideration during the construction of deep penetration and low-damage acidizing fluid in the formation of continuous hydrolysis HF, detailed derivation of the body acid, HF concentration distribution and concentration distribution of mineral mathematical models and numerical models
Evaluation Of Microstructural Evolution And Corrosion Types In Ultrasonic Assisted Laser Re-Melted Thermal Barrier Coatings Under Exposure To Molten Salts
No full textIn this study, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with improved microstructure and properties were re-melted using the novel ultrasonic assisted laser re-melting technique and its hot corrosion behavior was investigated in 50 wt% Na2SO4+50 wt% V2O5 molten salts at 1100 °C. The results indicated that the microstructure and corrosion types of the laser re-melted TBCs were significantly affected by the ultrasonic vibration power output (UVPO). The increased convection effect of low UVPO (20%) caused the enhanced nucleation of equiaxed grain and improvement in crack distribution and size. High strain tolerance led to the enhancement in the self-healing (eliminate cracks spacing) performance of cracks when exposed to the thermal expansion and phase transformation volume expansion, and seal the macroscopic diffusion channels of particles, thus promoting the propagation of only intergranular corrosion (internal corrosion). However, intensive ultrasonic nonlinear effect of high UVPO (50%) led to the generation of the uneven surface with coarse irregularly distributed cracks that are not entirely self-healing when exposed to volume expansion. Thus, the massive coatings particles could migrate preferentially outward through the cracks and voids to react with molten salts on the surface (external corrosion), leading to formation of the corrosion products
Phenotypes in Brugada syndrome with different genotypes triggered by fever or inflammation using gene-edited iPSCs
No full textAbstract Background Fever or inflammation state may enhance the Brugada syndrome (BrS) phenotype in some but not all patients. However, the underlying mechanism in human cardiomyocytes has not yet been clarified. Methods Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines generated from fibroblasts of three BrS patients harboring variants in SCN10A (abbreviated as BrS1) and CACNB2 (abbreviated as BrS2), SCN5A (abbreviated as BrS3) and one healthy donor (abbreviated as WT) and a site-corrected (using CRISPR/Cas9) hiPSC line of each BrS patient (abbreviated as isogenic1, isogenic2 and isogenic3) were used for differentiation into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Western blot, patch clamp and calcium transient analyses were carried out. Results All 3 BrS cell lines showed a significantly reduced peak sodium current (I Na ) compared with isogenic or WT cells at baseline. Hyperthermia challenge (40 °C) significantly decreased I Na and enhanced arrhythmogeneity in BrS1 and BrS3 but not in BrS2 cells. The hyperthermia effects involved PKA reduction. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge exacerbated the phenotype in electrophysiological characteristics in all 3 BrS cell lines. ROS-Blocker abolished the LPS effects in all BrS hiPSC-CMs, while an interleukin-6 receptor blocker abolished the proarrhythmic effect of LPS in BrS1 and BrS3 hiPSC-CMs but not in hiPSC-CMs of BrS2. Conclusions Hyperthermia exacerbated the BrS phenotype in hiPSC-CMs carrying SCN10A and SCN5A variants, whereas LPS aggravated the phenotype in all three BrS variants through distinct mechanisms; Hyperthermia and LPS effects on BrS phenotype may be genotype-dependent. Graphical abstrac
