1,721,331 research outputs found
Hesei toktobuha Sirame acabuha tulergi monggo hoise aiman-i wang gung sai iletun. [Qin ding Xu zuan wai fan meng-gu hui bu wang gong biao 欽定續纂外藩蒙古回部王公表.]
No full textHesei toktobuha Sirame acabuha tulergi monggo hoise aiman-i wang gung sai iletunQin ding Xu zuan Wai fan meng-gu hui bu wang gong biaoSirame acabuha tulergi monggo hoise aiman-i wang gung sai iletunHesei toktobuha Sirame acabuha tulergi monggo hoise aiman-i wang gung sai iletunXu zuan wai fan meng gu hui bu wang gong biaoQin ding Xu zuan wai fan meng gu hui bu wang gong biaoNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution.Incomplet. Subsistent les fascicules 3-9 et 12 (juan 3-9 et 12). Texte mandchou. Tables.Provient de la mission P. Pelliot
Fruit Choice of Formosan Macaque (Macaca cyclopis) in Heng-Chun Tropical Botanical Garden, Southern Taiwan
No full text本研究在1999年10月至2000年9月間，以林業試驗所恆春熱帶植物園區中的一群台灣獼猴為研究對象。結合獼猴主要取用之果實供應量與取用量間的關係，欲探討獼猴對各種果實的選擇性，以及各植種果實供應量季節性波動對其選用果實的影響，並分析部分果實的形態、內含化學成分、在樹冠上的分布密度等特性，是否反映在獼猴對果實的偏好程度上，並以此驗證相關研究結果。
研究結果顯示，此區台灣獼猴也是以果實為最大宗的食物來源，且獼猴活動範圍內之果實供應量呈現季節性波動現象。獼猴對各種果實的偏好程度不同；同一種果實各月的選食性指數亦有變化。各月獼猴取用量居首位的果實可依選食性指數分為二類：(1)獼猴偏好的種類，毛柿、白肉榕、大葉赤榕、軟毛柿等屬之；(2)獼猴未偏好的種類，白榕與茄苳屬之，獼猴取用這二種果實為機會主義式的取食模式。
台灣獼猴對果實的選食傾向為，生長在相對果量較高樹冠上、具肉質花托或中果皮之發育完全果實的果肉部份。然而，本研究比較獼猴偏好、未偏好二大類果實的形態、營養成分特性，結果顯示二者未表現出差異。The fruit choice of a wild troop of Formosa macaque in Heng-Chun Tropical Botanical Garden was studied during October 1999 and September 2000. Feeding frequency was compared to the availability of different fruit species to examine their fruit choice. I investigated if the morphological and nutritional characteristics of fruits affect the fruit choice of Formosa macaque. Fruit which availability varies by seasons were the main dietary items of the monkeys. Two categories can be identified by electivity index: (1) over-selection species, such as Diospyros discolor, Ficus virgata, Ficus caulocarpa; (2)under-selection species, such as Ficus benjamina and Bischofia javanica. The monkeys had an opportunistic feeding strategy on Ficus benjamina and Bischofia javanica. The results suggested that the monkeys preferred fruits from large trees and with the ripe flesh pulp. However, effects of the morphological and nutritional characteristics of fruits on fruit selection was not apparent.目錄
一、前言……………………………………………………………………………..8
二、研究方法
(一)研究地點…………………………………………………………………….11
(二)攝食資料收集與行為觀察….…..…………………………………………..11
(三)果實發育變化週期與果量調查…………………………………………….14
(四)各植種的相對豐度…………………………………………………………15
(五)果實屬性調查………………………………………………………………15
(六)食物內含化學成分分析……………………………………………………16
(七)資料分析……………………………………………………………………17
三、結果
(一)獼猴活動範圍內的木本植物相對豐富度概況……………………………21
(二)獼猴的食性組成……………………………………………………………21
(三)果實的形態特性及其被獼猴取用的方式…………………………………22
(四)獼猴取用之果實的供應情形………………………………………………24
(五)獼猴各月取用果實的比例與其供應量間之關係…………………………24
(六)獼猴在各級果實樹冠上的取食情形與處理、進食果實所需時間………26
(七)食物內含的化學成分………………………………………………………27
(八)食物內含的化學成分與果實之形態對獼猴選食的影響…………………27
四、討論
(一)果實供應量季節性波動對獼猴取食之影響………………………………29
(二)台灣獼猴選食的傾向.……………………………………………………...30
五、參考文獻……………………………………………………………………….33
圖目錄
圖一 恆春熱帶植物園位置圖………………………………………………………38
圖二 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春地區各月均溫及雨量分布圖…. ……… 39
圖三 研究區紀錄猴群所使用之小徑系統與方格及植物調查樣區空間配置圖………………………………………………………………………………40
圖四 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區內台灣獼猴取食各類
食物的比例圖...……………………………………………………………… 41
圖五 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區台灣獼猴各月食用果
肉及種子的植種數……………………………………………………..……. 42
圖六 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區內各月台灣獼猴取用
果肉及種子佔當月所有取食頻度比例…………..…………………………. 43
圖七 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區19種主要植物之各月
果實供應量變化及獼猴食用上列果實的頻度比例….…..………………….44
圖八 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區台灣獼猴各月食用果
實的比例與當地19種主要植物在獼猴會食用階段的果實供應量間之
變化圖…………………………………………………………………………47
表目錄
表一 1999年10月至2000年9月於恆春熱帶植物園區進行物候監測之
樣樹及台灣獼猴取用該種植物果實之發育狀態……………………………48
表二 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區台灣獼猴主要取食
植物的果實屬性資料表………………………………………………………49
表三 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區台灣獼猴活動範圍
內木本植物相對豐富度………………………………………………………50
表四 1999年10月至2000年9月在恆春熱帶植物園區內各月觀察台灣
獼猴的天數及收到之攝食資料筆數…...…………………………………… 53
表五 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區台灣獼猴各月食用
各種果肉及種子佔當月所有攝食頻度比例…………………………………54
表六 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區台灣獼猴對各種果
肉及種子各月、整個研究期間之選食性指數………………………………55
表七 1999年10月至2000年9月在恆春熱帶植物園區運用焦點動物取
樣法收集到獼猴在主要覓食時段取用果實的有效資料筆數………………56
表八 1999年10月至2000年9月在恆春熱帶植物園區以焦點動物取樣法
收集到獼猴取用果實的有效資料在各級果量植物上分布筆數……………57
表九 1999年10月至2000年9月恆春熱帶植物園區台灣獼猴對8種
果實，處理、取食一顆果實所需時間的平均值….…………………………58
表十 恆春熱帶植物園區內台灣獼猴主要食物內含之化學成分及其比例………59
附錄一 1999年10月至2000年月恆春熱帶植物園區台灣獼猴食用植物
名錄…………………………………………………………………………60
附錄二 1999年10月至2000年月恆春熱帶植物園區台灣獼猴活動範圍
內木本植物名錄……………………………………………………………6
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Talking about the protection of the mother tongue educatioal right in the constitution from the hakka mother tongue movement
No full text母語受教權和新興人權中的「文化權」、「語言權」有相當密切之關係，但是在我國憲法上亦僅有增修條文第10條第11款提到「積極維護發展原住民族語言及文化」。正因為非常欠缺憲法保障，所以近年來，人民積極希望政府制定關於語言權保障的法律。 這一切都與台灣歷史息息相關。因此，本文於第二章認為，由於台灣曾經歷時百年的「國語運動」，造成閩南語、客語、原住民語不小的傷害，以至人民無法順利傳承母語，需要靠政策、教育來協助；而80年代，由於政治民主化、解嚴之際，社會運動紛紛崛起，客家人在做為社會隱形人多年之後，亦走上街頭爭取母語權，提出「母語教育、客語在媒體發聲、刪除廣電法20條對方言的限制」等主張。從此以後，「客家運動」主導了台灣客家發展的路徑。 雖然該三大主張終於被政府所實現，但是特別針對母語傳承最重要的「教育」卻是發生了在國中小客語開課情形不佳的現象，讓客家人非常擔憂客語的流失，紛紛要求希望透過法律來保障。然而，在各單位紛紛提出立法草案之際，吾人認為應該先回到基本面來探討，到底我國憲法有無針對母語受教權加以保障？現行有關母語教育的法令規定是否有所缺失？此乃本文第三章主要討論的範圍。 在第三章中，吾人肯定母語受教權即使不能明文列入憲法第21條國民受教權的保障，也應該肯認為我國憲法第22條其他自由權利之保障。但是現行母語教育的法制卻有規範不足、甚至違憲之虞，有待重新修正。至於修正的方向，第四章吾人介紹加拿大與新加坡在憲法上關於語言權的規範以及值得學習的教育制度，供我國作為學習與借鏡的對象。並在最末節從法律的角度深入探討我國近年來重要的語言議題。 第五章，回應前文。認同母語受教權在憲法上應該有受到保障之必要，同時也應該要立法加以落實；但是尚需要注意和其他權利的扞格以及資源分配的合理性。另外，現行法規須儘速重新修正，可以多多參考加新兩國值得效法之處；最後，提出個人的建議與感想。The mother tongue educational right has a closing relationship with the culture right and the Linguistic right of the emerging human rights, but there is only an item(§10(11)) in the amendment of the Constitution ” actively preserve and develop language and culture of the ethnic groups”. Because there is short of the constitution indemnification, people hope the government to establish a law about the language right. In fact, what we said above is very close to the Taiwan history. Therefore, in the chapter two, we think that because Taiwan once lasted “the national language campaign” about one hundred years, the southern Fujian language, the hakka language, the original resident language had hurt too much to spread their mother tongues except the helps of government policy and educational system. However, in the 80’s, because of the political democratization, the end of martial law, and the appearance of social movements, finally hakkanese also fight for the mother tongue right and promote a view ”the mother tongue education, the chance to give off sound of hakka language, and to cancel the limit of the 20th item in the Broadcasting Act”. From now on, the hakka movement leads the direction of Taiwan hakka developments. lthough the government finally puts three points into practice, especially the mother tongue education about hakka language do not teach well in the elementary school and in the secondary school. Therefore, many hakka people so worry about the death of hakka language that they hope the government to set up a law to protect the hakka language. When many government departments bring up drafts, in actual, we should go back to the base to discuss if our constitution protects the mother tongue educational right, if the current laws have some drawback of executing the mother tongue education. There is the main talking range in the chapter three.n the chapter three, we affirm that even if the mother tongue educational right could not put into the 21th item, it should be confirmed in the 23th item. However, the present laws have many problems and could violate the constitution, so the laws need to be amended. About the amendatory direction, we not only introduce the standards about the language right of Canada and Singapore, but also introduce the good educational systems that are worth us to learn. Moreover, the thesis also talk about the important linguistic subject of debate recently.ifth chapter, it responds to what we said before. We support that the mother tongue educational right not only should be protected in the constitution, but also should be practicable in the law. Nevertheless, it is also important to pay attention to the relationships with the protection of other human right and the reasonable distribution of social resources. In addition, the existing laws need to be amended in a hurry. Furthermore, the government could consult the examples of Canada and Singapore about their advantages. Finally, the thesis also gives some suggestions and thoughts.第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………… 1 第一節 研究動機與研究目的……………………………………… 1 第一項 研究動機…………………………………………………1二項 研究目的…………………………………………………… 3 第二節 研究途徑與研究方法…………………………………… 4 第一項 研究途徑……………………………………………… 4二項 研究方法…………………………………………………… 5 第三節 文獻探討………………………………………………… 6 第一項 名詞定義……………………………………………… 6二項 文獻回顧…………………………………………………… 8 第四節 研究範圍與限制 …………………………………………10 第一項 研究範圍 ………………………………………………10 第二項 研究限制 ………………………………………………11 第五節 論文結構說明 ……………………………………………15 第一項 論文結構 ………………………………………………15 第二項 章節說明 ………………………………………………16二章 語言教育政策與台灣客家運動………………………………17一節 我國語言教育政策之轉變……………………………………17 第一項 獨尊一語─「國語政策」之推動…………………………17 第二項 多語並存─「九年一貫鄉土語言教學」之推行…………21 第三項 客語教學之現況與困境之突破……………………………25 第二節 客家人與客家話…………………………………………32 第一項 何謂「客家人」………………………………………32 第二項 語言「少數族群」……………………………………37 第三項 語言與族群認同………………………………………42 第三節 台灣客家運動……………………………………………48 第一項 多元文化主義之發展…………………………………48 第二項 台灣客家運動之興起…………………………………53 第三項 台灣客家運動之轉變…………………………………57三章 母語受教權之法理基礎探討…………………………………62 第一節 憲法之保障規範…………………………………………62 第一項 憲法第21條……………………………………………62 第二項 憲法增修條文第10條…………………………………72 第三項 司法院大法官解釋……………………………………77 二節 相關之法令規定………………………………………………82 第一項 教育基本法……………………………………………82 第二項 國民教育法……………………………………………87 第三項 九年一貫課程綱要……………………………………91 三節 母語受教權落實之其他權利保障……………………………94 第一項 學生……………………………………………………94 第二項 家長……………………………………………………96 第三項 教師……………………………………………………99 四章 憲法語言權保障之探討─以加拿大、新加坡、台灣為例103 第一節 加拿大………………………………………………… 103 第一項 憲法規定……………………………………………103 第二項 語言教育……………………………………………112 第三項 評論…………………………………………………117 第二節 新加坡……………………………………………………120 第一項 憲法規定…………………………………………… 120 第二項 語言教育…………………………………………… 125 第三項 評論………………………………………………… 133 第三節 我國語言權議題之析論…………………………………137 第一項 母語保障入憲之探討……………………………… 137 第二項 母語受教權之權利與限制………………………… 141 第三項 國家語言發展法之相關問題探討………………… 151五章 結論……………………………………………………………154 第一節 他山之石…………………………………………………154 第一項 加拿大……………………………………………… 154二項 新加坡………………………………………………… 155 第二節 語言權立法之問題探討 ………………………………157 第一項 國語與官方語言之爭議……………………………157二項 國內各項語言立法草案之說明……………………… 159 第三節 總結 ……………………………………………………161 第一項 雙語教育在台灣的可行性…………………………161 第二項 感想…………………………………………………164考文獻………………………………………………………………167 錄………………………………………………………………18
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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