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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Polylactic acid-lauryl functionalized nanocellulose nanocomposites: Microstructural, thermo-mechanical and gas transport properties

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    Thermo-mechanical and gas transport properties of polylactic acid (PLA) matrix containing various amounts (from 1 to 20 wt%) of nanocellulose esterified with lauryl chains (LNC) were investigated on solvent cast film of about 50 micron. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that, up to a filler content of 6.5 wt%, LNC was well dispersed or formed small, sub-micrometric clusters. At higher filler contents, oval aggregates in the micrometric range were detected. The addition of LNC did not change the matrix glass transition temperature and melting temperature. Concurrently, as LNC content increased, both elastic and storage moduli at room temperature exhibited a sharp decrease up to 5 wt% of filler, and a lower reduction for LCN concentration of 10–20 wt.%. Nanocomposites with 3 and 5 wt% of LNC showed the highest strain at break and a large amount of plastic deformation due to a strong interfacial adhesion between the PLA and filler particles. For higher LNC fractions the presence of aggregates weakened the nanocomposite leading to lower values of maximum stress and strain at break. With the addition of LNC particles, gas barrier properties of the PLA film versus deuterium, nitrogen and carbon dioxide were improved up to a critical LNC concentration of 6.5 wt%, where the gas permeability of the nanocomposite resulted to be 70% lower than that of the PLA matrix. At higher filler contents, large LNC aggregates increased the gas permeability of the nanocomposites

    Surface functionalization with phosphazene substrates, Part IV: Silica and Si(100) surface functionalization using cyclophosphazenes partially substituted with trialkoxysilane derivatives and PEG-750 monomethylether, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol and 4-hydroxyazobenzene

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    This paper deals with the possibility of functionalizing the surface of silicon-based materials by exploiting cyclophosphazenes containing suitable substituent groups. Thus, phosphazene trimers were prepared, containing about 50% of the reactive sites substituted by gamma-amino-propyltriethoxy silane (APTES), while the residual positions in the cycle contain poly(ethylene glycol) monomethylether (MW approx. 750; PEG-750-ME), tetrafluoropropanol (TFP) and 4-hydroxyazobenzene (AzB). Using these novel materials we succeeded in surface functionalizing SiO2 beads in the coating of silicon wafers or sodalime slides and in the preparation of cyclophosphazene-based monoliths in the presence of hydrolyzed TEOS by sol-gel technique. The whole series of products has been characterized by standard spectroscopic (IR, UV-Vis, H-1-, C-13-, Si-29- and P-31-NMR, both in solution and in solid state) and thermal (DSC and DMTA) techniques. This approach to the surface functionalization of silicon-based materials containing carefully selected substituents is completely general and can be used to attach to the hydroxylated surfaces practically any type of nucleophile that can be supported on the cyclophosphazene ring

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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