1,721,150 research outputs found
Dynamique du disque galactique à l'ère de Gaia : fonctions de distribution perturbées en présence de non-axisymétries
No full textCette thèse se proposait d’établir des modèles dynamiques de la Voie lactée, en prenant en compte les perturbations de son disque stellaire. Les données récentes fournies par la mission Gaia appellent de nouvelles méthodes pour aborder ce problème : un cadre adéquat pour tester les modèles de la Galaxie, englobant la barre galactique et les bras spiraux, constitue l’objectif de ce travail théorique. Je me suis attelé à recalculer l’ensemble des prédictions d’une fonction de distribution perturbées en six-dimensions dans l’espace des phases hors des zones résonnantes et en prédisant l’emplacement des zones résonnantes. Nous avons également considéré la réponse de la fonction de distribution dans le cadre d’une perturbation dépendante du temps. Mon résultat majeur est que j’ai pu montrer que les emplacements des résonances sont déplacés vers des vitesses azimutales plus faibles lorsque l’on s’éloigne dans le direction verticale du plan de la Galaxie, ce qu’on n’arrivait pas à bien prendre en compte dans l’approximation épicyclique. Ainsi, la position des groupes mobiles dans le plan des vitesses uv en fonction de la hauteur z au-dessus du plan Galactique peut être un moyen puissant de contraindre la structure 3D du potentiel Galactique ainsi que les résonances à l’origine de ces groupes mobiles observés.This thesis aimed to establish dynamical models of the Milky Way, taking into account the perturbations of its stellar disc. The recent data provided by the Gaia mission call for new methods to address this problem : a suitable framework to test the models of the Galaxy, encompassing the galactic bar and the spiral arms, is the objective of this theoretical work. I set out to recalculate the set of predictions of a perturbed distribution function in six-dimensions in the phase space outside the resonant zones and predicting the location of the resonant zones. We also considered the response of the distribution function under a time-dependent perturbation. My major result is that I was able to show that the locations of the resonances are shifted to lower azimuthal velocities when moving away in the vertical direction of the plane of the Galaxy, which was not well accounted for in the epicyclic approximation. Thus, the position of the moving groups in the uv plane as a function of the height z above the Galactic plane can be a powerful way of constraining the 3D structure of the Galactic potential as well as the resonances at the origin of these observed moving groups
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Simulation of the effects of the spiral arms on the stellar within the Milky Way
No full textDans un disque axisymétrique en équilibre, les vitesses galactocentriques radiales et verticales sont théoriquement nulles. Pourtant, de grands relevés spectroscopiques ont révélé que les étoiles du disque de la Voie Lactée sont animées de vitesses non nulles dans les directions radiale et verticale. Les structures en vitesse radiale sont généralement associées aux composantes non-axisymétriques du potentiel. Celles en vitesse verticale non nulle sont souvent associées à des excitations externes. Nous avons montré que la réponse stellaire à une perturbation spirale produit un déplacement radial et des mouvements verticaux non nuls. La structure du champ moyen de vitesse obtenue est cohérente avec les observations. De plus un modèle simple reposant sur une linéarisation des équations d'Euler reproduit naturellement ce résultat. Nous concluons que ces structures observées pourraient aussi être engendrées par des perturbations internes non-axisymétriques.In an equilibrium axisymmetric galactic disc, the mean galactocentric radial and vertical velocities are expected to be zero everywhere. Recent spectroscopic surveys have however shown that stars of the Milky Way disc exhibit non-zero mean velocities outside of the Galactic plane in both the radial and vertical velocity components. While radial velocity structures have already often been assumed to be linked with non-axisymmetric components of the potential, non-zero vertical velocity structures are usually rather attributed to excitations by external sources. We show that the stellar response to a spiral perturbation induces both a radial velocity flow and non-zero vertical motions. The resulting structure of the mean velocity field is qualitatively similar to the observations. Such a pattern also emerges from an analytic toy model based on linearized Euler equations. In conclusion, non-axisymmetric internal perturbations can also be the source of the observed mean velocity patterns
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Tests of the Dark Matter and of alternatives gravitational theories with the tidal streams of the Milky Way
No full textDurant cette thèse, nous avons exploré l'impact qu'engendre une modification de la gravitation sur les courants de marée. Nous avons effectuer les premières simulations N-corps de la formation d'un courant de marée galactique dans le paradigme MOND. Nous avons comparer les résultats ainsi obtenus aux prédictions du modèle standard de la cosmologie, ΛCMD, dans le but de trouver des différences entres-elles qui pourraient être observables. Nous avons remarqué que la brisure du principe d'équivalence fort engendrée une telle modification de la gravitation conduisait les amas globulaires à avoir une morphologie ovoïdale, contrairement à la dynamique Newtonienne où ceux-ci sont elliptiques. Cette morphologie des amas génère également une asymétrie de longueur et de nombre entre les deux bras d'un courant de marée similaire à celle observée récemment dans le courant de Palomar 5.During this thesis, we explored the impact of a modification of the gravitation on the tidal streams. We made the first N-body simulations of the formation of a galactic tidal stream in the MOND paradigm. We compared the results obtained with the predictions of the standard model of the cosmology, ΛCMD, with the aim of finding differences between them that can be observed. We have noticed that the break of the strong equivalence principle generated by a such modification of the gravitation led to a lopsided morphology of the globular clusters, contrary to their elliptical shape in Newtonian dynamics. This morphology of the cluster also generates an asymmetry of length and of number between the two arms of a tidal stream similar to that observed recently in the Palomar 5 stream
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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