1,721,028 research outputs found
Rise from the ashes! Resilience patterns in Patagonia pastoralist communities
No full textPastoral household resilience is shaped by the interplay between human agency and community resilience mechanisms. As a major component of pastoral household livelihoods, livestock can serve as an indicator to characterize resilience of pastoralist communities. In 2011, Patagonia faced droughts and a volcanic ashfall that affected livestock, water and forage resources during an ongoing economic recovery process. In two localities, we reconstructed the history of events that significantly influenced livestock dynamics over time at community and household levels. After the 2011 ashfall, herd sizes decreased variably by 13% to 91%. By 2019, only 37% of households recovered their herds. Although livestock dynamics were similar in both communities, households with small and medium-large herd sizes, high connectivity, off-farm income, and women involved in decision-making exhibited higher resilience. Understanding household diversity provided localized insights into community resilience (agency, adaptability).EEA BarilocheFil: Laborda, Luciana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Laborda, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Easdale, Marcos Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Easdale, Marcos Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Fallot, Abigail. UMR SENS, CIRAD; FranciaFil: Fallot, Abigail. CIRAD, Université Montpellier; FranciaFil: Ocariz, María Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Ocariz, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Ocariz, María Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Université de Montpellier-Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement. Agroécologie et Intensification Durable (AïDA); FranciaFil: Tittonell, Pablo Adrian. Groningen University. Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences; Países Bajo
Sostenibilidad socioecológica de la reforestación y su aporte a la conservación del agua en Balalaica, Costa Rica : un análisis sistémico y participativo
No full textTesis (Mag. Sc. en Manejo y Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas) -- CATIE. Escuela de Posgrado. Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2014Se analizaron los diferentes elementos que inciden en la sostenibilidad socioecológica de las iniciativas de reforestación en la región de Balalaica, ubicada en el cantón de Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Aplicando el método PARDI, se analizó el sistema socioecológico concernido por la reforestación, considerando las iniciativas impulsadas por el Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal (FONAFIFO) y el Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) en Balalaica. Con reforestadores y actores de la región, se construyeron modelos conceptuales que les permitieron tener un mejor entendimiento de los diferentes actores, recursos, y procesos que tienen incidencia en los resultados de las iniciativas.
Al mismo tiempo se desarrolló, propuso y validó, por diferentes reforestadores, una herramienta práctica para evaluar en sitio una iniciativa de reforestación. La herramienta combina indicadores económicos, sociales, ecológicos, y culturales, y ajusta la evaluación para considerar diferentes fines, como la producción de madera, el turismo rural comunitario, la agroforestería, la conservación ecológica, la obtención de pagos por servicios ambientales, y la protección de los recursos hídricos.
Al ser el agua un recurso prioritario para las comunidades de Balalaica, se evaluó el aporte de una iniciativa de reforestación a la conservación de los recursos hídricos, específicamente sobre la infiltración de agua en el suelo. En siete fincas de la región se comparó el efecto de plantaciones de Pinus caribaea versus cobertura de charral sobre la tasa de infiltración. Utilizando el infiltrómetro Turf-Tec, y ajustando los datos con la ecuación de Kostyakov, bajo un diseño en bloques aleatorios con un nivel de significancia aceptable de 0,05, se encontró que la tasa de infiltración bajo cobertura de reforestación, con una media de 20,79 cm/h, es significativamente mayor que bajo cobertura de charral, con una media de 14,85 cm/h (p=0,0262).
Se encontró una correlación negativa entre la infiltración y variables como la densidad aparente del suelo, su humedad gravimétrica y la pendiente del terreno, aunque solamente la humedad gravimétrica presentó una influencia significativa (p=0,0068).
El conocimiento generado de forma colectiva con este estudio servirá para que reforestadores y actores, basándose en la experiencia y en el aprendizaje conjunto, puedan tomar mejores decisiones en cuanto a la planificación, gestión y manejo de la reforestación. De esta forma, que pueda corresponder a las expectativas socioeconómicas y ambientales del reforestador y las comunidades de Balalaica.The different factors that influence the socio-ecological sustainability of reforestation initiatives in the region of Balalaica, Turrialba, Costa Rica, were analyzed. The PARDI method was applied to analyze the socio-ecological system concerned by reforestation, considering initiatives promoted by the National Forestry Financing Fund (FONAFIFO) and the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE). With reforesters and stakeholders of the region, conceptual models were built that allowed them to have a better understanding of the different stakeholders, resources, and processes that impact the result of reforestation initiatives. At the same time, a practical method to assess reforestation composed of economic, social, ecological, and cultural indicators was developed, proposed and validated by different reforesters. The sustainability indicator method aims at assessing reforestation initiatives according to their different possible purposes in Balalaica, such as timber production, rural tourism, agro-forestry, ecological conservation, obtaining payment for environmental services, and protection of water resources. Since water is a primary resource for communities in Balalaica, the contribution of reforestation to the conservation of water resources, specifically water infiltration in the soil was evaluated. In seven farms, the effect of land cover on the infiltration rate was compared between Pinus caribaea and scrubs. Using the Turf-Tec infiltrometer, and fitting the data with the Kostyakov equation, under a randomized blocks design with an acceptable significance level of 0,05, it was found that the infiltration rate under reforestation, with a mean of 20,79 cm/h, is significantly higher than under scrub coverage, with a mean of 14,85 cm/h (p = 0,0262). A negative correlation was also found with variables such as soil bulk density, gravimetric moisture, and slope, although only the gravimetric moisture showed a significant influence (p = 0,0068). The knowledge generated collectively through a joint learning process with this study should help reforestation stakeholders make better decisions regarding the planning and management of reforestation projects, so that they can correspond to the socioeconomic and environmental expectations of reforesters and communities of Balalaica
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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